1914-1918: The World at War

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1914-1918The Worldat War
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Its Been Called

• The Family Feud
• The War to End All Wars
• The War to Make the World Safe for
  Democracy

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Europe in 1914
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Causesof theWar
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I. Five Causes of WWI

• Militarism
• Alliances
• Nationalism
• Imperialism
• Assassination

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1. Militarism
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers
Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus. in millions of
s.
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
France 10
Britain 13
Russia 39
Germany 73
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• Strongly promoting the development of armed
  forces within a nation.
• Best Army in Europe pre WWI Germany
• Best Navy in Europe pre WWI England

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2. Alliances
Triple Entente
Triple Alliance
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Two Armed Camps!
Allied Powers
Central Powers
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• The Triple Entente (Allies)
• France, Russia, Great Britain
• The Triple Alliance (Central Powers)
• Germany, Austria Hungary, Ottoman Empire

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The Major Players 1914-17
Allied Powers
Central Powers
Nicholas II Rus
Wilhelm II Ger
George V Br
Victor Emmanuel II It
Enver PashaTurkey
Pres. Poincare Fr
Franz Josef A-H
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3. Nationalism
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• Extreme Pride in ones nation and culture.
• our way is the right way
• Multiple countries in Europe felt this way

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Pan-Slavism The Balkans, 1914
ThePowder Kegof Europe
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4. Imperialism
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• extension of a nation's territory beyond its
  borders through the establishment of colonies.
• More competition

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Assassination
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand His Family
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The Assassin
GavriloPrincip
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The Spark

• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinard
• Heir to the throne in Austria Hungary
• Shot by Gavrillo Princip
• Part of radical group in Serbia
• Serbia had an alliance with Russia
• Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
• They want revenge
• Eventually things spiral out of control due to
  the Alliance System

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Whos To Blame?
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TheWar
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II. WWI officially begins August 3rd, 1914.

• A. Germany is the aggressor
• Goal is to colonize parts of Europe
• They tried elsewhere (globally) and failed

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• B. Germanys strategythe Schlieffen Plan
• Step 1 Hold off Russia
• Step 2 Quickly Defeat France
• This involved taking over Belgium too
• Step 3 Focus all attention on Russia

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Mobilization

• Home by Christmas!
• No major war in 50 years!

It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long
way to go It's a long way to Tipperary,
To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye,
Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square,
It's a long, long way to Tipperary,
But my heart's right there!
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The Schlieffen Plan
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• C. Why didnt the Plan work?
• Reason 1 France was tougher to defeat than
  Germany thought.
• Reason 2 Germany didnt count on Britain or
  the U.S. getting involved.

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III. Why did the British get involved?

• A. England had an alliance with Belgium
• They honored their agreement
• B. England was afraid it would lose its status as
  THE GLOBAL SUPERPOWER if it didnt get involved

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German Atrocities in Belgium
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Australian Poster
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American Poster
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Financing the War
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Recruitment Posters
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For Recruitment
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New French Recruits
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A Young Australian Recruit
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Recruits of the Central Powers
A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother
Austro-Hungarians
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A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier
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(No Transcript)
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V. Why did the U.S. get involved?

• 1. In 1915, Germany sunk the Lusitania
• It was a passenger ship, not a warship
• 1200 people died including over 100 Americans
• 2. In 1916, Germany fired upon the Sussex
• another passenger ship.
• Wilson demands that Germany not fire on any more
  passenger ships
• Germany agrees (the Sussex Pledge) then breaks
• 3. Zimmerman Note
• 4. Russian Revolution1917Democracy!

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The Zimmerman Telegram
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The Western Front A War of Attrition
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A Multi-Front War
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The Western Front
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Trench Warfare
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Trench Warfare
No Mans Land
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Americans in the Trenches
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Verdun February, 1916

• German offensive.
• Each side had 500,000 casualties.

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The Somme July, 1916

• 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
• Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

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Sacrifices in War
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(No Transcript)
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The War of theIndustrial RevolutionNewTech
nology
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Krupps Big Bertha Gun
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French Renault Tank
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British Tank at Ypres
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U-Boats
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Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
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The Airplane
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The Flying Aces of World War I
FrancescoBarraco, It.
Eddie MickMannoch, Br.
Eddie Rickenbacher, US
Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.The Red Baron
Rene PaukFonck, Fr.
Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.
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Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
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Looking for the Red Baron?
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The Zeppelin
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FlameThrowers
GrenadeLaunchers
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Poison Gas
Machine Gun
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TheEasternFront
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The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
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Turkish Cavalry in Palestine
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T. E. Lawrence the Arab Revolt, 1916-18
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T. E. Lawrence Prince Faisal at Versailles,
1918-19
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The Tsar with General Brusilov