Vertebrates: Introduction

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Vertebrates Introduction

• A Classification all belong to Phylum Chordata

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B Shared Characteristics

1. Have a backbone encases/protects the dorsal nerve
   cord (spine)
2. Two sets of paired appendages
3. Closed circulatory system (Blood in vessels)
   powered by a heart
4. Breathing apparatus (lungs or gills)

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The Five Groups!

• 1. Fish

• 2. Amphibians

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The Five Groups!

• 3. Reptiles

• 4. Birds

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The Five Groups

• 5. Mammals

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II. Fish

• Definition
• Aquatic (live in fresh or salt water)
• Have scales, fins and gills (in general
  exceptions exist)
• Ectothermic (cold blooded)

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• B Members
• Three types
• Cartilagenous (sharks and rays)
• Bony fishes (salmon, guppies, tuna, eels)
• Jawless Fishes (Hagfish, lampreys)

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III. Amphibians

• A Definition
• Name amphi both
• bio life
• Most live on land as adults, but breed in water,
  and are aquatics as larvae
• Eggs lack a shell and may dry out
• Have lungs as adults
• Supplement breathing by respiration through moist
  skin
• Ectothermic (cold blooded)

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Members

• Two basic types
• Salamanders
• Frogs and toads

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IV. Reptiles

• Definition
• Adapted for life out of water (on land)
• Scales on skin (prevents water loss) doesnt
  grow, and must be shed
• Lungs for breathing
• Eggs covered with leathery shell
• Ectothermic (cold blooded)

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Members

• 1. Three basic types
• Lizards and snakes
• Crocodilians
• Turtles

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V. Birds

• Definition
• Body covered in feathers
• Front limbs modified into wings
• Have beaks
• Eggs covered in a chalky shell
• Endothermic (warm blooded)

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Members

1. 27 member of class Aves!
2. Includes
3. Owl
4. Eagle
5. Chicken
6. Penguin
7. Finch
8. Pelican
9. Duck
10. Etc.

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VI. Mammals

• A. Definition
• Endothermic
• Fur, fat layer under skin, sweat glands in skin
  all to regulate body temperature
• Mammary glands to produce milk to feed young
• Most are viviparous (young are born alive, not in
  egg)
• Different kinds of teeth (to match food type)

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Members

• 1. Three basic types based on reproductive
  differences
• Placental Animals
• Young develop internally in uterus
• Primates, ungulates, rodents, cetaceans,
  carnivores

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• Marsupial mammals
• Young develop in uterus, but born early in
  development
• Crawl up mothers fur and into a pouch
• Attach to nipple, continue development
• Koala, opossum, kangaroo

• 2333

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• 1. Monotreme Animals
• Young hatched from eggs
• Fed milk by mother
• Echidna, duck billed platypus