Mammites

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RUMINANTS Drying-off period management and
interest of CLOXAMAM
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INTRODUCTION ON MASTITIS

• Most common and most costly disease
• of dairy cattle
• In hers without effective mastitis control plan
  40 of the cows are infected
• Estimated cost 200 k per cow per year
• Reduced milk production accounts for about 70 of
  the total loss associated with mastitis

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COW UDDER ANATOMY
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UDDER DEFENCES - MECHANISM
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UDDER DEFENCES
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UDDER DEFENCES

• Immune cells contained in the milk

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THE BACTERIA WILL LEAD TO CELLS INFLUX
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CONTROL OF THE MILK
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MODERATE AGGRESSIVE BACTERIA LATE REPLY OF THE
ORGANISM

• Sub clinical mastitis
• Invisible mastitis nothing at first sight
• Milk appearance modification (flakes, cloats)
• No reduced milk yield
• A kind of equilibrium takes place between
  bacteria and defenses cells

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
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WHAT OCCURS DURING A SUBLICLINICAL MASTITIS?
 Fight between leukocyte and bacteria 
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THIS EXPLAINS CELLS COUNT VARIABILITY
Leukocyte 1000
Days
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TWO KIND OF MASTITIS

• Clinical mastitis Visible modifications
• Milk appearance
• And / or des other symptoms (temperature
  decreased milk yield udder aspect shock)
• Subclinical mastitis No visible modification
• Increased cells count
• 10 decreased in milk yield
• Bacteria stays in the udder. Consequence
  regular leukocyte efflux

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TWO KIND OF MASTITIS
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MASTITIS DIAGNOSIS

• Clinical diagnosis use your eyes ? OK for
  clinical mastitis
• Diagnosis in the farm ? Subclinical mastitis
• CMT
• Diagnosis in the lab ? For both
• Somatic cell count
• Bacteriological analysis

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C.M.T. (CALIFORNIA MASTITIS TEST)

• Rapid, accurate, simple to determine somatic cell
  count
• CMT reagent reacts with the white blood cells and
  the mixture thickens or gels

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C.M.T. (CALIFORNIA MASTITIS TEST)

• In 10 sec. read the score while continuing to
  rotate the paddle
• Reaction disappears in 20 sec.

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MILK SAMPLE AND BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
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MAIN BACTERIA IMPLICATED IN MASTITIS
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MODE OF TRANSMISSION OF BACTERIA
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WHY TREATING MASTITIS?

• Avoid contagiousness
• Save money

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FACTORS INFLUENCING MASTITIS INCIDENCE
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MASTITIS CONTROL
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MASTITIS CONTROL
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OBJECTIVES OF DRY PERIOD TREATMENT

• Improve udder health
• Infections present at the time of drying off
  should be eliminated
• The rate of new infections during dry period
  should be minimized

Beginning and end of dry period are at risk
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OBJECTIVES OF DRY PERIOD TREATMENT
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CLOXAMAM, THE COOPHAVET SOLUTION FOR DRYING OFF
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CLOXAMAM CONTAINS CLOXACILLIN

• Penicilline M
• Gram spectrum including Staphylococcus and
  Streptococcus
• Bactericidal antibiotic to limit the risk of
  chronic infection
• It acts on the bacteria cell wall synthesis.
  Active on bacteria which are on the replication
  phase only.

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CLOXAMAM ADVANTAGES

• Cloxacillin is resistant to ?-lactamase secreted
  by gram bacteria (Staphylococcus)
• Large diffusion in the udder parenchyma and
  exudates
• Very low diffusion outside the udder (systemic
  for ex.)

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CLOXAMAM ADVANTAGES

• Antibiotic persistence in the udder
• Cloxacillin is present under benzathine salt. It
  allows a long acting effect inside the udder.
• The excipient is oily leading to a prolonged
  antibiotic activity
• The excipient is long acting. It means it will
  keep the active ingredient at the infusion site
  and will let him diffuse slowly.
• Most critical period for drying off management
  3 first weeks. This period is completely covered
  by CLOXAMAM.

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CLOXAMAM PERSISTENCE
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CLOXAMAM BENEFITS

• Elimination of existing infections and prevention
  of new infections
• Indications
• Treatment of clinical mastitis due to
  Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae,
  Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis
• Prevention of new infection

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ADVICES FOR CLOXAMAM ADMINISTRATION

• Clean and dry teats
• Disinfect each teat and with particular attention
  to the teat end (alcohol)
• Insert only the tip of the cannula without
  touching anything else
• Identify treated cows and removed them from the
  herd to prevent antibiotics in the tank

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CONCLUSION
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Thanks for your attention