Respiratory System

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Respiratory System

• Take a deep breath and relax

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Structure

• Nose
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Alveoli
• Lungs

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• Nose- lined with mucous membranes. Air is warmed,
  filter and moistened
• Pharynx or throat- 3 sections upper, middle and
  lower. Esophagus branches off here
• Larynx- voicebox. Epiglottis closes the opening
  during swallowing
• Trachea- windpipe, lined with c-shaped
  cartilaginous rings

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• Bronchi (singular bronchus)- left and right
• Bronchioles- smaller divisions of the bronchi
• Bronchioles end in small air sacs called alveoli
• 500 million alveoli- one sqamous cell layer thick

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• Lungs 2 unequal lobes
• Covered in a membrane called the pleura

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• Breathing ventilation
• Two stages inspiration and experation
• Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract,
  thoracic cavity enlarges

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• External respiration exchange of O2 and CO2
  between lungs and bloodstream
• Internal respiration exchange of CO2 and O2
  between cells and bloodstream

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• Asthma
• Bronchitis
• COPD- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Emphysema
• Influenza
• Laryngitis
• Lung cancer
• Tuberculosis