The Respiratory System

1
The Respiratory System
Chapter 12
2
The Respiratory System

• gas exchange
• acid-base balance
• humidify warm air

3
Respiration

• pulmonary ventilation
• external respiration
• respiratory gas transport
• internal respiration

4
The Respiratory Tree
5
Inspiration and Expiration
6
The Air-Blood Barrier
7
External Respiration
8
Gas Exchange
9
Internal Respiration
10
Neural Control of Respiration

• CO2 levels
• act directly on medulla oblongata, increase
  respiration
• O2 levels
• chemoreceptors in aorta carotid artery
• relayed to the medulla oblongata

11
Effects on Respiratory Rate Depth

• physical factors
• increased body temperature
• exercise
• talking
• coughing
• volition (conscious control)
• emotional factors

12
Metabolic Effects on Hb Affinity

• exploited in tissues and lungs for O2 movement

13
Chemical Control of Respiration
14
Respiratory Development

• fetal lungs filled with amniotic fluid
• surfactant lowers alveolar surface tension
• late in fetal development
• lungs inflate fully by two weeks post-partum
• respiratory rate decreases with age
• newborns 4080 respirations per minute
• infants 30 respirations per minute
• age 5 25 respirations per minute
• adults 1218 respirations per minute