Respiratory System

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Chapter 28

• Respiratory System

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Things Needed

• Large surface area (about size of tennis court
• Moisture dissolve gasses
• Thin membrane gasses may pass through

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Human Anatomy

• 1. Alveoli
• 2. Nostrils
• 3. Larynx
• 4. Bronchi
• 5. Trachea
• 6. Lung
• (For more diagrams see web sites in my folder)

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Respiratory Functions

• 1. Respiratory Surface
• 2. Passage to lungs
• 3. Warms moistens air
• 4. Alternate air passage
• 5. Keeps food from entering trachea
• 6. Branches of trachea
• 7. Site of gas exchange

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Vocabulary

• Inhalation
• Exhalation
• Breathing
• Vital capacity
• Residual volume
• Tidal volume
• Diffusion

• Taking air in
• Letting air out
• Inhaling and exhaling
• Largest amount of air that can be exhaled after a
  deep breath
• Air left in lungs after exhaling
• Amount of air exhaled after a normal breath
• Movement of oxygen in the body

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Respiratory Movements I

• Inhalation
• Ribs raise and separate
• Diaphragm lowers
• Chest moves up and out
• Pressure in lungs decreases
• Air is forced in (active)

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Respiratory Movements II

• Exhalation
• Ribs lower
• Diaphragm raises
• Chest move in and down
• Pressure in lungs increases
• Air is pushed out (passive)

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Respiratory Gases I

• Carbon Dioxide
• Waste gas of cellular respiration
• Goes from cells to blood
• From blood to lungs
• Is exhaled

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Respiratory Gases II

• Oxygen
• Moves from the atmosphere to lungs
• Goes from alveoli to blood stream
• From blood stream to cells
• Releases energy in cellular respiration

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Respiratory Disorders

• Lung Cancer
• Emphysema
• Asthma
• Bronchitis

• uncontrolled multiplication and disorganized
  growth of affected cells
• abnormal distension of the lungs
• Airway obstruction associated with wheezing
• Infection or irritation of the bronchial tubes

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Respiratory Disorders
1. Asthma - A bronchial disorder associated with
airway obstruction, marked by recurrent attacks
of wheezing due to spasmodic contraction of the
bronchi.
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a. Extrinsic Asthma -Asthma triggered by external
agents such as pollen or chemicals. This is the
type of asthma commonly diagnosed in early life.
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b. Exercise induced - attacks follow a period of
exercise. The degree of obstruction is strongly
influenced by the environment in which exercise
is performed (i.e. inhalation of cold air during
physical exertion markedly increases the severity
of the airway obstruction
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Increase in Incidence
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• Bronchitis-Infection or irritation of the
  bronchial tubes
• Lung Cancer uncontrolled multiplication and
  disorganized growth of affected cells
• Emphysema- abnormal distension of the lungs