Subordinating conjunctions show

1
Subordinators

• Subordinating conjunctions show
• relations between clauses.

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What are subordinators?

• Subordinators are the conjunctions that join
  unequal clauses.
• The four most common subordinators are
• because
• since
• although
• whereas
• All four common subordinators can connect
  sentences.

Is there a good reason to play musical chairs?
3
What are phrases and clauses?

• A phrase can have a noun or a verb, but not both
• My brother Ross
• Is older than me.
• A clause has both a noun and a verb
• Alice is my mom.
• She cooks lots of good food.

Is slow children a clause or a phrase?
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How do subordinators work?

• Because shows cause- effect relationship between
  ideas.
• Since can mean the same as because when it is not
  about time.
• Although tells contrast and often concession
  between ideas.
• Whereas tells contrast and often concession
  between ideas.

• Jon ate three hot dogs because he was very
  hungry.
• Ali studies English since he needs to use the
  language.
• Maria is a college student although she doesnt
  have a major yet.
• Ricardo is a senior whereas his sister is still
  only a junior.

Which punctuation mark do we use before clause
coordinators?
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Can you use the coordinators?

• Use because, although
• The janitor cleaned the floor __ it was dirty.
• The janitor cleaned the floor __ it was not
  dirty.
• The president spoke __ it was important.
• The president spoke __ it wasnt important.

Why did Bob start and stop smoking?
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Learn three more subordinators.

• So that tells why something is done
• Bob wore casual clothes so that hed feel
  comfortable.
• As if means like
• He feels bad, as if it were his fault.
• Even if emphasizes if
• He wont come even if we give him cash.

Is an opinion stronger with money?
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Can you use the subordinators?

• Use so that, as if, even if
• Take an umbrella __ you dont get wet.
• Students have to study __ they dont feel like
  doing it.
• It looks __ it is going to rain tonight.
• Mel learned the words __ he knew them very well.

Would you learn more with more teachers?
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Subordinators can link words and phrases.

• The words that we see as subordinators can also
  connect words and phrases
• Most people work because of money.
• Harry worked as a janitor overnight.
• If not, he would have just slept.
• Our class have been meeting in this classroom
  since August.

Should Bernie be careful about which buttons he
pushes?
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Can you use these subordinators?

• Use since, whereas
• What are you supposed to do __ you are in an
  English writing class?
• Alex copied one of the answers __ he was not
  supposed to do that.
• Patricia often learns words easily __ she has
  more problems with numbers.

Isnt the man alright since he has a radio?
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Learn more subordinate conjunctions.

• Unless means if not.
• You wont get a good grade unless you learn the
  information.
• Until means up to a certain time.
• You can use the computer until class is over.
• Now that means because.
• Now that you are here, lets begin.

Did the Spanish defeat the Indians or was their
diseases?
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Can you use contrast subordinators?

• Use although and since
• __ it is early, Marla is already tired.
• __ Lily speaks Thai, she is in Thailand.
• Abdul is studying __ he has an exam.
• Carol knows the answer __ she isnt saying
  anything.

Is laughing sometimes the best answer?
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Can you use conditional subordinators?

• Use unless, until, and now that
• A car isnt really yours __ you buy it.
• The quiz is open __ it is the right time.
• It will be difficult to walk __ the wind stops
  before then.
• There is no answer __ you have one.

Can the man stop the wind?
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Can you use time subordinators?

• Use before, after, and while
• Can you talk on a cell phone __ you are driving a
  car?
• Most students dont know new words __ they study
  them.
• It is better to take the quizzes __ preparing for
  them.

When are gyms the busiest?
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Differentiate that, then, and than.

• That links noun clauses to main clauses.
• He said that he was in trouble.
• Then means next.
• He talked, and then she was surprised.
• Than is comparative.
• His body is fatter than hers.

Is the woman in better shape than the man?
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Can you use that, then, and than?

• The man hit, and __ she started to cry.
• Are you taller __ five feet?
• Did you know __ there are no classes on the
  weekends?
• Are you concerned __ the price of gas may
  increase?
• Is it hotter in June __ in July?

How do the horses feel?
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Can you see the subordinators?

• On the Day without Immigrants, many stop work,
  school and shopping in order to gain attention.
• "If I lose my job, it's worth it," said Jose
  Cruz, who has a temporary work permit that is
  granted to many Central Americans.
• Others were working Monday although buying
  nothing as part of the economic boycott around
  the country. Some planned to attend protests
  during lunch breaks or after work. Church
  services, candlelight vigils, picnics and human
  chains also were planned.
• "Stand in solidarity with people of all races and
  nationalities because immigration law affects
  everyone!" Sadiya Ahmed, with the Council on
  American-Islamic Relations, wrote in an e-mail.

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Here are the subordinators used

• On the Day without Immigrants, many stop work,
  school and shopping in order to gain attention.
• "If I lose my job, it's worth it," said Jose
  Cruz, who has a temporary work permit that is
  granted to many Central Americans.
• Others were working Monday although buying
  nothing as part of the economic boycott around
  the country. Some planned to attend protests
  during lunch breaks or after work. Church
  services, candlelight vigils, picnics and human
  chains also were planned.
• "Stand in solidarity with people of all races and
  nationalities because immigration law affects
  everyone!" Sadiya Ahmed, with the Council on
  American-Islamic Relations, wrote in an e-mail.

Do the undocumented have good reasons to protest?
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Learn these academic words.

• Use demonstrate, ensure, challenge, outcome,
  predict.
• What __ do you predict for your future?
• How can you __ that you get a good grade?
• Is the test a __?
• Can you __ knowledge?
• Who are the people that __ tomorrows weather?

What can you do now to prepare for tests?