PENGANTAR ANATOMI VETERINER

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PENGANTAR ANATOMI VETERINER
SYNDESMOLOGY, MYOLOGY ANGIOLOGY, SPLANCHNOLOGY
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SUTURE

• suture connection between bones by fibrous
  tissue.
• a. suture serrata interrupted margin bones.
• exp interfrontal joint
  
• b. suture squamosa overlapping margin of the
  bones. exp between pars squamosa temporal with
  ossa parietal.
• c. suture plana (harmonia) bone margin flat
  or a little bid rough. exp suture internasal

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Sutured serrata
Sutura plana
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SYNDESMOSIS

• Connected by white fibrous tissue or elastic
  tissue or mix both tissue.
• exp between ossa metacarpal.
• fixing between cartilago costae.
• fusion radius-ulna and tibia-fibula by
• fibrous tissue.

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SYNDESMOSIS
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GOMPHOSIS

• Implantation of the teeth in the alveoli.
• Gomphosis is not really joints because teeth is
  not parts of the bone.

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Ligament periodontal
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PERSENDIAN CARTILAGENOUS

• Parts of the bone is cartilage form connected by
  fibrocartilago and hyalin cartilage or both
  combination.
• The movement depend on their joint surface and
  their medium elasticity.
• example
• 1. synchondrosis (cartilage hyalin joimt)
• 2. symphysis (fibrocartilagenous joint)

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symphysis
synchondrosis
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SYNOVIAL JOINT

• Previosly term as diarthrosis that have
  characteristic such as joint cavity with has
  synovial membrane in the capsule synovial and
  their mobility.
• Term as moveable joints or true articulation.

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SYARAT PERS SYNOVIAL

• 1. Joint surface (facies articularis)
• usually smooth and has several form. Made by
  compact bone which different from usual compact
  in general histologically. In several case their
  surface has fossa synovial.
• 2. Cartilage joint
• usually hyalin cartilage bone.

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• 3. Capsula articularis is a simple tube form
  which the tip attach to surrounding facies
  articularis.
• consist of 2 layers
• - outer layer fibrous layer capsula
• ligament. The thickness has variation.
• - inner layer synovial / membrane.
• produce synovia (liquid) for lubricant the
  joints.

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• 4. Cavum articulare
• covered by synovial membrane and cartilago
  articulare. Usually contain enough synovial
  liquid for lubricant the joint.

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Articulare cavity
Fibrous layer
Synovial liquid
cavum articulare (dark color)
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artikulare capsul


Cartilago artikularis
Facies articularis
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• 5. Ligamentum
• is a strong ribbon like or membrane,
  generally compose of white fibrous tissue, which
  fixing the bone moveable but not elastic.

Ligamentum
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• 6. Disci or menisci articularis
• is a cartilago fibrousa plate or compact
  fibrousa tissue which place between cartilage
  articulares, and divide joint cavity partially or
  whole part into 2 separated room.
• this discus give joint surface become fit each
  other make the movement more extended and more
  variation. Reduce bumping between bones hardly.

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disci or menisci articulares
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• 7. Labrum glenoidale
• is a fibro-cartilage ring which circle margin
  joint cavity. It make the cavity extended and to
  avoid fracture margin of the bone joint.

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BLOOD VESSELS NERVE

• Artery make anastomose around big joint and make
  several branch for joint capsula. Membrane
  synovial have rete capillary which make loop
  surround cartilage joint margin, but it is not go
  into the cavity.
• Venae make plexus.
• Has more nerve fibers near and inside and
  surrounding synovial membrane.

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BLOOD VESSEL NERVE
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MOVEMENT OF THE JOINT

• 1. GLIDING movement on the flat surface
  example joint between proc articularis vert.
  cervicalis.

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• 2. ELBOW JOINT movement surrounding one or
  several bones axis.
• - flexio make the joint angle smaller.
• - extensio make the joint angle bigger.

flexio
extensio
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• 3. CIRCUMDUCTION (pers peluru)
• in the shoulder and leg.

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• 4. ROTATION rotate of the segmen on axis
  longitudinal another segmen which make joint.
  examp atlanto-axialis joint.

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ACCESSORIUS STRUKTURE

• Connexted ot the muscles is synovial membrane and
  fascia.
• A. synovial membrane is a thin sac, same as
  synovial membrane joint and have the same
  function.
• there are 2 types
• 1. bursa synovialis simple sac which connected
  on the point that has high pressure between
  tendon or muscle and structure below them,
  usually on the elevated bone.

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• 2. vagina synovialis tendinis its different
  from the bursa, compose of wrapping sac which
  cover the tendon make the two layers can be
  differented., inner layer attach to the tendon
  but outer layer line the canal where the tendon
  is.
• both layers which covers the tendon term as
  mesotendon.

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• B. fascia is a connective tissue layer, compose
  of several bundel white fibers which more or less
  mixing with elastis fibers.
• Consist of 2 layers that can be differentiated
• fascia superficialis.
• fascia profunda.

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FASCIA SUPERFICIALIS

• Is a subcutaneous layer compose of loose
  connective tissue which generally contain more or
  less fat.

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FASCIA PROFUNDA

• Compose of one or more compact fibrous tissue
  layer. .
• Inner layer may be attach to the structure below
  them, but in most part its attach to the skeleton
  , ligaments, tendon.
• In several place it make layers from the inner
  surface fascia, passing through between muscles
  and attach to the bone or lig, term as septa
  intermuscularia

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• Sulcus where the tendon inside change to be a
  canal by a ribbon or fascia layer term as vaginal
  or annular ligament ( lig. vaginale)
• Bursae that can be see in several part between
  fascia and struktur below them term as bursae
  subfacial, moreover between fascia and skin term
  as bursae subcutaneous.

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Bursa synovialis tendinis
mesotendon
Bursa synovial
tendon
retinaculum
tendon
bone
bone
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MYOLOGY

• Is a science which study of muscles and their
  accesory structure.
• Musculus (m) or musculi (mm) have specificity
  that can make contraction when it get stimulus
  (impuls).

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MIOLOGI
MUSCLE IDENTIFICATION, according to

• Muscle Name
• Form and their position
• Origo and Insertio
• Characteristic Movement
• Structure
• Connection of the muscle with surrounding area
• Vascularisation and Innervation

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MUSCLE DISCRIPTON

• ACCORDING TO
• 1. name basically can be several consideration
  such as
• action, form, position, direction. m. flexor
  carpi radialis.
• 2. form can be several form(triangular, long
  (longus) or circle (m.sphincter, orbicularis).
• 3. attachment usually on the bone, sometimes on
  cartilage,lig, fascia or skin.

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• 4. action according to phisiology action
  (m.extensor atau flexor)
• 5. structure include muscle fibers direction,
  exp triceps, digastricus.
• in the long muscle panjang on the leg, origo
  term as caput, if fusiform structure the wider
  part of the muscle term as venter.
• -unipennatus muscle fibers oblique.
• -bipennatus muscle fibers has 2 direction
  like feather.
• -multipennatus several fibers direction.

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• 6. connection its has corelation with topografi
  anatomy ( m.intercostalis).
• 7. blood supply nerve its important in
  clinical basic, nerves important in determining
  homology

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• insertio place for attaching muscle which far
  from median plane of the body or the direction to
  distal, synonym punctum mobile.
• origo attaching place for muscle which near
  median plane of the body or the direction to
  dorsal, synonym punctum fixum.
• tendo is a ribbon like compose of compact white
  fibrous tissue for attaching the muscle to the
  bone.
• Aponeurosa wide fibrousa layer which has same
  function as tendo.

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MUSCLE FIBERS FORM
Paralel fibers
fusiformis
unipennatus
bipennatus
multipennatus
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TRACTUS URO-GENITALIA

• Sistema Uropoetica
• Ren, Ureter, Vesica Urinaria,Urethra
• Sistema Genitalia
• 1. Masculina, Testes, Scrotum, Epidi-
• dymis, urethra dan penis serta bbrp
• kljr pendukung.
• 2. Feminina, Ovarium, tuba fallopii
• oviduct, uterus, cervic, vagina, vulva
• and several supporting glands.

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NEUROLOGY

• Science which study central nerve system and
  periphery
• Compose of Encephalon, Medulla Spinalis, Neuron,
  gangglion, nerve branch central and Periphery,
  simphatic and parasimpati nerves, reflex and
  coordination in the body.

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