The Respiratory System

1
The Respiratory System
2
Respiratory System

• The Respiratory System consists of
• The Air Passages
• The Lungs
• The Diaphragm
• These are responsible for bringing Air into the
  Body, Circulating it and then Expelling it.

3
The air passages

• Nasal Cavity
• Air enters through the Nostrils the Cavities
  are Covered in a Thick, Mucous Membrane which
  Filters the Air, Warming Moistens it.
• The Filtering is done by the Cilia, which are
  Small Hairs that trap Dust, Pollen other
  Impurities
• Mouth
• Air also Enters the Mouth but is Separated from
  the Nasal Cavity

4
The air passages cont.

• Pharynx
• Allows both Food Air to Enter
• Food goes into the Oesophagus Air travels
  through the Larynx
• Epiglottis
• Flap at the Back of the Throat which Prevents
  Food from entering the Trachea (Wind Pipe)
• Larynx (Voice Box)
• Air travels through here to get to the Trachea
• Its in the Larynx that the Voice is produced as
  the Air moves over the Vocal Chords

5
The air passages cont.

• Trachea (Wind Pipe)
• Large Tube consisting of Rings of Cartilage which
  are Flexible but keep it Open
• Bronchus
• These are at the base of the Trachea where it
  branches out into two Smaller Tubes known as the
  Left Right Bronchus or Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• The Bronchi branch out into smaller tubes known
  as Bronchioles and these subdivide into smaller
  Air Sacs called Alveoli
• There are Millions of these and they make up the
  Majority of the Lung Tissue
• It is here that the Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon
  Dioxide takes place

6
The lungs

• These are the main organs of the Respiratory
  System
• They are Protected by the Ribs
• The Lungs are like Balloons with the Right Lung
  being Slightly Larger
• The Lungs are Surrounded by a Layer of Membrane
  called the Pleura
• This acts like a lubricant, as it is Smooth
  Moist. It Protects the Lungs from any Friction
  when they get Bigger Smaller during Breathing

7
The diaphragm

• This is a Large Sheet of Muscle that Seals the
  Cavity Chest from the Abdominal Cavity
• By Contracting (Expiration) Relaxing
  (Inspiration) it is Responsible for the Action of
  Breathing

8
Can you label the Respiratory System?
9
The action of breathing

• Breathing involves Two Types of Movement
• Inspiration Breathing in
• Expiration Breathing out

10
Inspiration

• The Chest Cavity changes Shape Size
• The Diaphragm Flattens Moves Downwards
• The Intercostal Muscles raise the Ribs Push Out
  the Sternum, making the Chest Cavity Larger
• This Reduces the Pressure inside the Chest Cavity
  causes the Air to be Sucked into the Lungs

11
expiration

• When you Breathe Out the Reverse takes place
• The Diaphragm Relaxes so do the Intercostal
  Muscles
• The Chest Cavity returns to Normal Size the
  Pressure on the Lungs is Increased, which Forces
  the Air Out

12
Breathing

• We Breathe between 14 16 times per minute when
  Resting
• If we Increase our Activity or Movement by taking
  part in Physical Activity this rate Increases by
  upto 50 Breathes per minute
• This is called Forced Breathing
• This is done to ensure that our Muscles get
  Enough Oxygen to Perform and also to Remove the
  Waste Products (Carbon Dioxide)
• Check what your resting breathing rate by
  counting how many breaths you take in one-minute.

13
Copy Fill-in the Table Below
14
Breathing Video
15
Lung volumes or capacity

• Tidal Volume
• Amount of Air which you Breathe In Out during
  Rest or Exercise per Breath
• Inspiratory Capacity
• Amount of Air taken in after a Normal Expiration
  when Forced Breathing is taking place
• Expiratory Reserve Volume
• The Amount of Air which can be Forced out after a
  normal Expiration
• Vital Capacity
• The Largest Amount of Air which can be Expired
  after the Deepest Possible Inspiration
• Residual Volume
• The Amount of Air which Remains in the Lungs
  after the Maximum Expiration
• Total Lung Capacity Vital Capacity Residual
  Volume

16
Draw the Lungs and Label it
17
What we breathe

• Inhaled Air has high levels of Oxygen Nitrogen,
  and is Low in Carbon Dioxide
• Exhaled Air has high levels of Nitrogen Oxygen
  but much Higher levels of Carbon Dioxide
• The Exchange of these two Gases occurs in the
  Lungs

18
GASEOUS EXCHANGE

• This is the Process where Oxygen is taken in from
  the Air Exchanged for Carbon Dioxide
• When Oxygen has been Breathed in, it passes
  through the Alveoli Air Sacs into the Red Blood
  Cells through Osmosis
• The Oxygen combines with the Haemoglobin to form
  Oxyhaemoglobin
• An Enzyme in the Red Blood Cells breaks down the
  Carbon Dioxide which is being transported in the
  Blood into a Gas
• The Carbon Dioxide gas then passes back through
  the Alveoli is Expired by the Lungs
• This Process is Vital to Produce Energy for the
  Body Remove the Waste Products

19
Exercise Respiration

• Exercise will have the following effects
• Breathing Rate
• This can go from 14 Breaths per Minute upto 50
  Breaths per Minute
• Breathing becomes Deeper and Noisier
• VO2 (Oxygen Uptake)
• This Increases greatly as the Body will need more
  Oxygen to meet the Energy Demands
• This can only go so High which is known as your
  VO2 Maximum
• Oxygen Debt
• You Develop an Oxygen Debt after about 5 minutes
  of Constant Exercise
• Exercise becomes Anaerobic (without Oxygen) at
  this point but this is required to be paid back
  later (this is when you gasp for breath after
  Exercise at High Intensity Level or a Sprint)
• If the Exercise stays Aerobic (with Oxygen) then
  there will be No Oxygen Debt

20
(No Transcript)
21
Video Clip