Taxonomy

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Taxonomy
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Taxonomy

• Classification of organisms
• Organisms are classified according to common
  characteristics

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Taxonomic Categories

• Categories/divisions of life are called Taxa
• Taxa go from broad to specific
• There used to be seven taxa used to classify
  organisms

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The Old Taxa System

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order

• Family
• Genus
• Species

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How we used to remember this

• King
• Phillip
• Came
• Over

• For
• Great
• Spaghetti

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Another mnemonic

• Kids
• Prefer
• Cheese
• Over

• Fried
• Green
• Spinach

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New System of Classification

• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order

• Family
• Genus
• Species

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Classification of Humans

• Domain Eukaryota
• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Class Mammalia
• Order Primata
• Family Hominidae
• Genus Homo
• Species Homo sapiens

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Create a mnemonic

• Work with a partner and come up with a brand
  new mnemonic that includes all 8 of the current
  taxa

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Modern Classification

• Structural similarities suggest common
  evolutionary origins
• Classification helps to find evolutionary
  relationships
• The more taxa that two organisms share, the more
  closely they are related

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Comparing SpeciesHow closely related are these?

• Domain Eukaryota
• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Class Mammalia
• Order Primata
• Family Hominidae
• Genus Homo
• Species Homo sapien

• Domain Eukaryota
• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Class Mammalia
• Order Xenarthra
• Family Dasypodidae
• Genus Dasypus
• Species Dasypus novemcinctus

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Comparing SpeciesHow closely related are these?

• Domain Eukaryota
• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Class Mammalia
• Order Xenarthra
• Family Dasypodidae
• Genus Dasypus
• Species Dasypus novemcinctus

• Domain Eukaryota
• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Class Mammalia
• Order Xenarthra
• Family Bradypodidae
• Genus Bradypus
• Species Bradypus tridactylus

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Binomial Nomenclature a two name system

• Organisms have a scientific name, and most have a
  common name.
• Scientific names include genus and species
• Genus name is capitalized
• Species name is lower case
• Both are in italics when typed
• Both are underlined when handwritten
• Genus can be written as first letter and period.
• Homo sapiens, or H. sapiens

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Which of the following are incorrect? Correct
them.

• Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake Crotalus
  adamanteus
• American Alligator alligator mississippiensis
• Thistle Sage Salvia Carduacea
• Bullfrog rana Catesbeiana
• Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus
• Georgia Oak Tree quercus georgiana

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Using binomial nomenclature to identify
relatedness

• Eurasian Common Toad Bufo bufo
• Great Plains Toad Bufo cognatus
• Spring Peeper Hyla crucifer
• How many different genus do you see?
• How many different species do you see?
• Which are most related?

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Using binomial nomenclature to identify
relatedness

• Black Spruce Picea mariana
• Red Maple Acer rubrum
• Norway Spruce Picea abies
• What is the common name of the 2nd example?
• Which two are most related?
• Are they related at the genus or the species
  level?

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Using binomial nomenclature to identify
relatedness

• Asp Viper Vipera aspis
• Adder Vipera berus
• Saw-scaled Viper Echis carinatus
• What is the genus of the adder?
• What is the species name of the asp viper?
• Which two are most related?

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• Which two species are most related?
• Which is least related to the others?

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• Which species are most closely related?
• Which is the least related to the others?

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Dichotomous system

• To identify organisms, scientists divide group
  into subsets based on characteristics
• The divisions continue until only one organism
  remains in each grouping

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Dichotomous System for animals
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Dichotomous People

• A Pairs
• Divide wacky people into categories until all the
  people are in a pile by themselves. Draw the
  lines that show the divisions of categories.
• Name your people.
• Glue to paper background.

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Dichotomous Key

• A series of paired statements about subsets.
• Each pair of statements is numbered, and each
  object fits into one category.
• Each statement will identify the object OR send
  the reader to another numbered pair of statements
  for further defining.

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Dichotomous Key

• 1a. Body speckled (go to 2)1b. Body not
  speckled (go to 4)2a. Body round Rotunda2b.
  Body not round (go to 3)3a. Body with scalloped
  margin Floribunda3b. Body without scalloped
  margin Digitorum4a. Body striped Alternata4b.
  Body not striped (go to 5)5a. Rounded patterns
  on body Ovalis5b. Body without circles Amorpha

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Binomial Nomenclature a two name system

• Species have a scientific name, and most have a
  common name.
• Scientific names include genus and species
• Genus name is capitalized
• Species name is lower case
• Both are in italics when typed
• Both are underlined when handwritten
• Genus can be written as first letter and period.
• Homo sapiens, or H. sapiens

27
Which of the following are incorrect? Correct
them.

• Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake Crotalus
  adamanteus
• American Alligator alligator mississippiensis
• Thistle Sage Salvia Carduacea
• Bullfrog rana Catesbeiana
• Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus
• Georgia Oak Tree quercus georgiana

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