Taxonomy

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Taxonomy
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Classification

• Name three things that you classify at home.
• Clothes
• 2) Music
• Collections / hobbies
• Classification is the grouping of objects or
  information based on similarities.
• Why do you think Biologists classify things?

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Classification has several purposes

• Easier to share information about an organism by
  using one standard name
• Identify characteristics of an organism just by
  studying the groups they are placed in
• Manage the information they collect on the 2.5
  million known species

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Taxonomy

• Taxonomy is the scientific study of how living
  things are classified.

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History of Classification

• Classification began in Europe with
• Aristotle
• He put organisms into two categories
• plants animals
• Aristotle expanded animal classification to two
  main levels
• Animals with blood (vertebrates)
• Animals without blood (invertebrates)

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How do you think he would divide the animals with
blood?

• FISH (WATER)
• BIRDS(AIR)
• EGG-LAYING LAND ANIMALS (4 LEGS) (LAND)
• LIVE-BEARING LAND ANIMALS (4 LEGS)
• HUMANS

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Aristotle vs. Modern Classification

• 6 Kingdoms
• Animals in 2 sub-groups
• 5 Animal Classes
• birds
• fish
• amphibians
• reptiles
• mammals

• 2 Kingdoms
• Animals in 2 sub-groups
• 5 Animal Classes

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Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778)

• Earliest version of modern day organized
• approach
• Morphology - basic shape
• Form - body parts (head, legs, thorax)
• Structure - bone and external supports
• Anatomy - muscle organs
• Described 1,000s of plants animals in
• System Naturae and Species Plantarum

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Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778)

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

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Homo Sapiens

• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Class Mammalia
• Order Primates
• Family Hominidae
• Genus Homo
• SpeciesSapiens 

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Binomial Nomenclature

• Linnaeus developed
• Two word naming system which identifies species.
• First word Genus (Capitalized)
• Second word species (Lowercase)
• Both words should be italicized
• Ex/ Homo sapiens (Man)
• Passer domesticus (House sparrow)
• Canis rufus (Red wolf)

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Cell Organization

• Prokaryote
• Before Nucleus
• Simple organisms,
• No membrane bound organelles
• (cell organs)
• Eukaryote
• True Nucleus
• More complex organisms
• Membrane bound organelles