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The roots of insecurity
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What we know about security stability

1. Weapons (not)security
2. Security (not)national basis
3. Must focus on people, not states
4. Non-military factors are important

3

• Pressures not necessarily --gt violence
• But often --gtpolarization, radicalization
• Esp. when combined with
• Poverty
• Weak govt
• Arms
• Lack of hope

4

• Insecurity not always --gt violence
• Depends on length of instability suffering
• Suffering from povertygtsuffering from war

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So, which factors--gt insecurity?

• Lots of countries have disease, unemployment,
  climate change, etc.
• We must look at the interactions to figure out
  which ones are destabilizing

6
Resource WarsExtracting resources

• Powerful countries vs. resource-rich countries
• I.e. Oil, ore mining, logging, gems
• Benefits and burdens unequally shared with
  indigenous people

7
,
Resource Wars renewable resources

• I.e. Water, arable land, forests, fisheries
• Resources are depleted and populations increase
• --gtlocal violence
• For example, water
• By 2015, 40 of people will live in
  water-stressed countries

8
Climate Change

• Will impact environment
• More intense weather
• --gtpopulation movements

9
Reliable Food Supply

• Directly impacts security/insecurity
• Intersection of poverty, water availability, land
  distribution environ. Degradation
• 1.4 billion people in environmental fragility

10

• Connection to disease
• Hunger--gteasy to get sick
• AIDS--gtinfected young adults lose productivity,
  cant farm --gtmore hunger
• Poverty, weak economy--gtsocial instability
• Diseases cross borders easily

11
Natural disasters?

• EX Deforestation --gt more floods, landslides
• Combine that with climate change intensity
• Degraded ecosystems--worse for poor

12
Environmental Refugees

• Ex Desertification--gtwhere can they go? Maybe
  not welcome by neighbors

13
Economic Insecurity

• 75 of worlds workers feel economically insecure
• Unemployed youth or working poor
• youth bulge
• Highest rate of youth unemployment middle east
  north Africa

14
Frustrated youth

• Destabilizing force
• Looking for status (could)--gt
• criminal behavior, riots, extremism
• Positive influences open government, govt.
  ability to change, peoples identity, civic
  engagement, and role of education