Age of Exploration (1450 - 1750)

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Age of Exploration (1450 - 1750) God, gold
and glory
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God, gold and glory I. Motives for Exploration
A. Technological Advances
1. improved navigational methods - magnetic
compass and astrolabe - improved maps and
charts
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2. improved ship designs - the caravel
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3. improved weapons - gunpowder and cannons
Why would this be important?
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B. Desire for wealth 1. gain access to the
spice trade (also sugar and silk) Arab and
Italian merchants had a monopoly 2. find new
sources of gold and silver
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C. Growth of Nation-States 1. centralized
power at home allowed for an outward push
and colonization of new lands.
D. Religious devotion / Crusading Spirit 1.
desire to convert new people to
Christianity 2. to strike a blow against the
Muslims
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E. Renaissance Spirit and Values 1. desire to
learn about the world (intellectual
curiosity) - Marco Polo returns with
stories of the riches in Asia. 2. desire for
adventure, fortune, fame and glory.
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II. Portugal and Spain A. Portugal 1.
Portugal led the way in exploration
a. Prince Henry the Navigator encourages
exploration and the study of improvements in
seafaring.
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b.location Portugal was well situated to
explore based on routes available to explore.
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2. Portuguese sailors explored the coast of
Africa in an attempt to find a water route to
Asian trade.
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3. Portuguese explorers included Bartholomeu
Dias - first to sail around the southern tip
ofAfrica Vasco da Gama - discovered an all water
trade route between Portugal and India.
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B. Spain     1. Columbus sails West in an
attempt to reach Asia. a. opened the
Americas to European colonization and
trade.
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Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) - Spain and
Portugal sign a treaty dividing the newly
discovered lands between the two nations
How would you view this treaty if you were the
English, French or other Europeans
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Amerigo Vespucci Explored the coast of the
newly discovered lands Suggested Columbus had
actually discovered a new world Vespuccis name
begins to appear on maps of the New World
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Ferdinand Magellan
attempted to find a Western route to Asia, one
of his ships will complete the first
circumnavigation of the earth. (1519-1522)
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Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes arrived in
Mexico in 1519.
Cortes along with native allies defeated the
Aztec.
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The Columbian Exchange
What is it?
The Columbian Exchange refers to the vast
exchange of people, plants, animals, ideas and
diseases that began with the Age of Exploration
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The Columbian Exchange
Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine
Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE
Syphilis
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice
Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley
Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats
Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE
Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox
Flu Typhus Measles Malaria
Diptheria Whooping Cough