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Anatomy and Physiology I

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Anatomy and Physiology I. Medical Sciences. Pharmacology & Toxicology. Contributed by M. Miller, TA CTY 2000 ... Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Anatomy and Physiology I


1
Anatomy and Physiology I
  • Medical Sciences
  • Pharmacology Toxicology
  • Contributed by M. Miller, TA CTY 2000

2
Cell Membrane
  • Semi-permeable
  • Composition
  • Lipids
  • Cholesterol
  • Proteins (Glycoproteins)
  • Functions

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5
Nucleus
  • Brain of the cell
  • Contains genetic material
  • Shape conforms to shape of the cell

6
Nuclear Envelope
  • Double layer barrier with space between
  • 2 layers fuse at pores
  • Pores make passage easier
  • Selective

7
Cytoplasm
  • Cellular material outside the nucleus and inside
    the plasma membrane
  • Site of most of cells activities
  • Cytosol
  • Organelles

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9
Mitochondrion
  • Powerhouse of the cell
  • Contains enzymes to break down materials in the
    cell
  • Makes ATP
  • ATPENERGY
  • Busy cells have more

10
Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Fluid-filled tubules
  • Rough ER
  • Ribosomes for protein synthesis
  • Smooth ER
  • Cholesterol synthesis/breakdown
  • Fat metabolism
  • Detoxification

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12
Golgi Apparatus
  • Stacks of flattened sacs
  • Traffic director for cellular proteins
  • Changes and packages proteins

13
Lysosome
  • Membrane vesicles
  • Powerful digestive enzymes
  • Digests old cells
  • PEROXISOME
  • Vesicles with oxidase enzymes to detoxify

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Centrosome
  • Contains the 2 centrioles
  • Role in Cell Division
  • Helps distribute cellular materials

16
The Central Dogma
DNA RNA PROTEIN
Reverse Transcription
Transcription
Translation
17
Facial Anatomy
  • Ear-hearing (auditory senses)
  • Eyes-seeing (visual senses)
  • Nose-smelling (olfactory senses)
  • Mouth-tasting (gustatory senses)

18
Pharynx
  • Connects the nasal and oral cavities to the
    larynx
  • Nasopharynx
  • Uppermost portion
  • Only breathing function
  • Oropharynx
  • Middle portion
  • Breathing and eating functions

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Trachea
  • Windpipe
  • Connects larynx to bronchi
  • Prevents particles from reaching the lungs
  • Has ciliary action

21
Lungs
  • Large, spongy, paired
  • Located in thoracic cavity
  • Help in respiration (gas exchange)

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23
Heart
  • Hollow, 4-chambered muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Pumps blood for circulation throughout the body

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25
Esophagus
  • Long tube to stomach
  • Collapsible and muscular
  • Helps move food

26
Stomach
  • J-shaped
  • Stores food as it churns with gastric juices
  • Initiates protein digestion
  • Moves food into small intestine

27
Intestines
  • Small intestine
  • Digestion completion
  • Nutrient absorption
  • 10 ft. long and vast surface area
  • Large intestine
  • Water absorption
  • Passage of waste products
  • Anus
  • Releases fecal material with muscles

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Gall Bladder
  • Small sac attached to liver
  • Stores and concentrates bile
  • Bile breaks down and absorbs fats

30
Liver
  • Largest internal organ
  • Synthesizes, stores and releases vitamins
  • Synthesizes, stores and releases glycogen
  • Synthesizes blood proteins
  • Kills old RBCs
  • Removes toxic substances
  • Produces bile

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Kidneys
  • Two lima-bean shaped organs
  • Maintain water-electrolyte balance
  • Excrete toxic metabolic products
  • Filter blood
  • Ureter
  • Delivers urine from the kidney to the bladder
  • Urethra
  • Carries urine from bladder to outside body

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34
Pancreas
  • Lobulated, glandular
  • Secretes hormones
  • Insulin
  • Glucagon
  • Secretes pancreatic juices
  • Assist with digestion

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36
Spleen
  • Not vital
  • Assists other organs in producing lymphocytes
    (immune role)
  • Filters the blood
  • Destroys old RBCs

37
Appendix
  • Non-essential
  • Hangs off of lower left portion of large
    intestine
  • Lymphatic tissue to resist infection

38
Uterus
  • Muscular, thick, hollow, and pear-shaped
  • Fertilized egg implants here
  • Fetus grows here
  • Helps deliver baby with muscles

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40
Fallopian Tubes
  • Paired
  • Transport ova from ovaries to the uterus
  • Fertilization usually occurs here
  • Ovaries
  • Paired primary female sex organs
  • Produce ova (eggs)
  • Produce sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

41
Sex Organs
  • Penis
  • Male external sex organ
  • Delivers sperm to female during copulation
  • Also used for excretion of urine
  • Vagina
  • Thin-walled tube between bladder and rectum
  • Passageway for delivery of infant and menstrual
    flow

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