Motivation and Emotion

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Motivation and Emotion

• Chapter 10

Internal processes that 1. 2. 3.
G
uide
A
ctivate
S
ustain
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Motivation

• Physiological
• Hunger
• Sexual motivation
• Cognitive
• Expectancy
• Self-fulfillment

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Theories of Motivation

• Drive Theory
• Arousal Theory
• Expectancy Theory
• Goal-Setting Theory

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Drive Theory

• Biological needs arising within our bodies create
  unpleasant states of arousal
• Hunger, thirst, fatigue, etc.
• Homeostasis- balanced physiological state
• Motivation is basically a process in which
  various biological needs PUSH us to actions

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Drive Theory An Overview
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Arousal Theory

• Optimization NOT Minimization
• Arousal our general level of activation
• May fluctuate
• Biological influences??
• Sensation seekers
• Yerkes-Dodson law

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Yerkes-Dodson law

• There is a relationship between, optimal
  performance and the level of arousal necessary.

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Expectancy Theory

• Behavior is determined by expectations (desirable
  outcomes).
• Thoughts about future PULL your behavior.
• Incentives almost anything we have learned to
  value.

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Work Motivationin the REAL world
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Goal-Setting

• Wood Locke(1990)
• Specific
• Challenging
• Attainable
• Feedback can improve performance.
• Take life in strides

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Maslows Needs Hierarchy
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Emotions

1. Physiological responses
2. Subjective feelings
3. Expressive reactions

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How do we respond?

• Cannon Bard
• Earliest theory
• Simultaneous occurrence .

• James Lange
• More preferred
• Interpretations determine emotions
• Facial feedback hypothesis

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Why go to scary movies?

• Schacter Singer
• Two stage theory
• Dutton Aron (1974)
• Opponent-Process
• Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

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The Emotional Brain

• Anterior vs. Posterior
• Pleasant Unpleasant
• Arousal
• Right vs. Left
• Avoidence withdrawl
• Positive affect - Rewards

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Speaking without Words

• 1. Nonverbal Cues
• 2. Gestures
• 3. Body language