Kingdom Monera Monerans

1
Kingdom Monera(Monerans)

• Pages 192-201

2
Monerans

• Basic Characteristics
• Simplest of living things
• Simple structures
• Single cells (but may be organized into colonies)
• Cell structure (Prokaryotic cell)
• Has a cell wall to provide shape and protection
• No nucleus or membrane bound organelles
• Phylum (Phyla)
• Bacteria (Remember Bacteria
  into two
• 
  Kingdoms Archaebacteria and
• 
  Eubacteria)
• 2. Blue Green Algae

3
Blue Green Algae Phylum

• Named blue-green because of the 2 substances in
  it
• Chlorophyll green pigment
• Blue pigment
• (not all are blue-green some may appear brown,
  red, and other colors)

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• Characteristics
• One cell
• Can photosynthesize (contain chlorophyll)
• Contain pigments green, blue, brown, red
• Habitat soil, rocks, trees, lakes, and ponds
  (land or in water)

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• Algal Bloom
• Certain times of the year, the blue-green
  algae in a lake or pond grows very quickly making
  the water very green
• Importance
• Base of the food chain
• Produce oxygen
• Reproduce asexually by binary fission

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• Blue-green Algae
• Live as single cells
• Some live as colonies
• What is a colony?
• A colony is individual cells hooking up
  together in clumps or lined up end to end forming
  a chain

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Bacteria Phylum

• Page 192-197
• Discovered by Leeuwenhoek in 1683
• Is everywhere
• Millions on your skin
• Bacterium is singular for bacteria

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• Characteristics
• Smallest organism known
• Most are decomposers get food by breaking down
  waste products and dead tissues
• Few are producers
• Shape basis of classification
• 3 Shapes (see page 193-194)
• Cocci sphere
• Bacillus rod-shaped
• Spirilla spiral
• Refer to handout on shapes

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• Live almost everywhere (land / water / air)
• - most in warm and moist areas (best for
  growth)
• - some in polar regions and hot springs
• Need oxygen to survive and grow called aerobes
• and
• Others do not need oxygen for growth
  killed in the presence of oxygen called anaerobes
  useful in the fermentation process

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• Reproduce
• - Mitosis (really binary fission) see page
  195
• - under good conditions bacteria divide
  every 20 minutes
• - under poor conditions bacteria form
  endospores (resting cells) protective covering
  that is present when the conditions are poor,
  then disappear when conditions are good for
  reproducing see page 195 Figure 12