Taxonomy

1
Taxonomy
2

• Taxonomy-science of _____________
• Why Classify?
• A name that is the same in all places and
  languages
• Helps to identify organisms
• Gives information about organisms
• Helps us make comparisons (_____________)

3

• C. Early Classification systems
• Aristotle
• All living things in 2 groups
• Plant (stem differences) or animal (land, air,
  water)
• c) Introduced the word Species
• (current definition - organisms that can
  interbreed and produce offspring that can
  reproduce).

4

• ___________ __________
• Founder of modern taxonomy
• 2 big categories- __________ ____________
• Subdivided big categories into many smaller ones
• Phylum to species
• Based classification on similar body structure
  (________________)

5

• e) Developed ___________ nomenclature
• Each species given 2 word Latin name (Latin
  doesnt change)
• First word is the genus and is capitalized
  (Underlined or italics in print)
• Second word is specific to only the species in
  that genus
• Usually adjective also underlined/italics
• Ex. Homo sapiens, Acer rubrum
• genus name often abbreviated
• - U. americanus Ursus americanus, black bear
• Shows relationships
• Dog Canis familiaris
• Wolf Canis lupus
• Cat Felis domesticus

6

• Modern System
• Based on Linnaeus system
• Major emphasis is study of __________
  relationships _________
• The groups (know human)
• Kingdom
• Phylum/Division (know major animal phyla
  Magnoliophyta)
• Class (know major vert. classes)
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
• (Variety 3rd Word) (peaches and nectarines)
• Usually a name is descriptive, but sometimes
  chosen to honor a person Linnaea borealis

7

• 5 Kingdoms of Life (and 3 _________)
• Monera (Archaebacteria and Eubacteria)
• Protista (Eukarya)
• Fungi (Eukarya)
• Plantae (Eukarya)
• Animalia (Eukarya)
• Organisms are placed into Kingdoms based on
• Cell type
• ____________
• cells without membrane bound nucleus
• organelles w/o membrane
• Eukaryotes
• i. True Nucleus
• ii. Organelles with membranes

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• 2. How they get there__________ (trophic status)
• Autotrophic-make own food (photosynthesis)
• Heterotrophic- get food from surroundings
• 3. Reproduction
• asexual- 1 parent
• fission, budding, __________, etc.
• All offspring-identical
• Sexual- 2 parents

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Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Monera
Kingdom
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Cell Type
Multicellular
Mostly Multicellular
Mostly Unicellular
Cell Amount
Mostly hetero-trophic
Mostly Hetero-trophic
Trophic type
Sexual or Both
Sexual or Both
Both
Sexual or Asexual
Repro-duction
Jellyfish Bird Humans
Flower (rose) Oak tree
Mushroom Mold
E. coli Streptococcus aureus
Examples