WWI (1914-1918)

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WWI(1914-1918)
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WWI(1914-1918)
 I. Long term causes A. Nationalism belief
in national unity and, at times, racial
supremacy
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Nationalism
 1. Napoleon conquered much of Europe in
1800s a. Brought ideals like self
determination b. Democracy spread to
conquered regions
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Nationalism

• 2. Unification of Germany
• a. Military state of Prussia , led by Otto Von
  Bismarck, convinces other German city-states to
  unite
• b. Result a militaristic Germany that
  believed in its right to establish an empire

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Nationalism

• 3. Sardinia conquests of kingdoms of Italy
  led to a united Italy military leaders
  believed in improving economy through conquests

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Nationalism

• 4. French speaking portion of the Netherlands
  formed its own nation called Belgium

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Imperialism

• B. Imperialism The quest for colonial empires
• 1. Reasons countries engage in Imperialism
• a. The need for new markets
• b. The need for raw materials
• c. Power and prestige
• d. Military bases, refueling stations
• e. Spread political system
• f. Spread religion

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Imperialism

• 2. Social Darwinism
• led to belief that a nations culture could be
  superior to others and had the right to conquer
  others

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Militarism

• C. Militarism
• 1. Military expansion - War was possible at a
  moments notice
• 2. Massive arms build-up

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Militarism
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Militarism

• An arms race began with all countries following
  Germanys lead of a large army and navy and war
  plans and strategies
• It was very common for armies to double in size
  in the late 1800s and early 1900s
• Navies also increased quickly in size, especially
  Great Britainbuilt the Dreadnaught

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• D. No way to settle disputes between nations
  1889 The Hague International court no way
  to enforce

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Alliances

• Alliances
• Triple Alliance - (1882) Germany,
  Austria-Hungary, and Italy
• (Became the Central Powers at start of WWI)
• 2. Triple Entente - Great Britain, France, and
  Russia
• (Became the Allied Powers at start of WWI_

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• The Start of WWI
• A. Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• 1. Assassinated while visiting Bosnia
  (June 28, 1914)
• 2. Gavrilo Princip Serbian nationalist
  who wanted Bosnia to be a part of Serbia,
  not Austria-Hungary

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• Austria- Hungary accused its neighbor, Serbia, of
  plotting to kill the Archduke threatened war
• C. Great Britain allied w/ Serbia, threatened
  war with Austria-Hungary
• D. By August 3, Germany and Austria-Hungary were
  at war w/ France and Russia
• 1. Germanys strategy was to conquer neutral
  Belgium and defeat France
• 2. When Germany attacked Belgium, Great Britain
  entered war on the side of France.

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E. Germany advanced on France until slowed at The
Battle of the Marne, 1914 1. The French dug
Trenches as defensive positions 2.
Germans followed suit
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III. Battle tactics and new innovations A.
Trench warfare B. Machine guns C. Barbed
wire D. Poison gas would make lungs fill w/
fluid E. Airplanes F. Submarines G.
Blockades preventing access to a specific
area (10 minutes read page. 358-360)