The Northern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century,

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• The Northern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century,
• 16011700

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• Puritan Origins
• The English Reformation

• Reformation refresher
• Henry VIII uses the Reformation for political
  (and personal) means. England breaks with the
  Catholic Church
• King is the supreme head of church, church lands
  seized
• English (Angelican) church keeps most practices
  of Catholicism
• Others (Puritans) wanted a full reforming of the
  church. Wanted to eliminate rituals and focus on
  the individual
• Persecution of Puritans in England

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• Puritans and the Settlement
• of New England
• The Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony
• - want to build a orderly Puritan version of
  England
• - First Holland (to much vice) then onto
  America

Plymouth Video
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English Migration, 1610-1660
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The Founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Puritans obtain a Royal charter for most of
  Northeast of America
• - special provision govt could be located in
  the colony instead of England
• John Winthrop elected Governor and settled in
  Boston
• - City Upon a Hill sermon given
• Native Americans- initially few around because of
  epidemics relations will break down

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The Early Years of Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Disease spread quickly and killed many.
  Starvation also an issue
• Settlers kept arriving especially when Church of
  England cracks down on Puritan ministers in
  England
• Immigrants came from all parts of society and
  unlike Chesapeake many women/children

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• The Evolution of
• New England Society

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Church, Covenant, and Conformity

• Puritans influenced by John Calvin
• - strict discipline in behavior,
  predestination
• All town residents must attend church services
• Everyone kept an eye on everyone else trying to
  prove saintliness
• Sabbath day taken seriously- fines issued for
  flute playing or visiting neighbors
• Banned practices Christmas, Easter, cards, dice,
  any games of chance, music, dance

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Government by Puritans for Puritanism

• Transformed the joint stock company into a
  colonial govt
• Freemen had voting rights on some issues govt
  position
• - Freemen male church members
• - Contrary minded men forced out

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Splintering of Puritanism

• How long did you think it would last?
• Different visions of Godliness every town/church
  had different rules
• Roger Williams speaks out against the
  intolerance leaves and sets up Providence, Rhode
  Island
• Anne Hutchinson vs. John Winthrop- Covenant of
  Grace vs. Covenant of Works
• More divisions and subdivisions of churches

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Economic Changes

• Back in England Cromwell and the Puritan
  Republic (1649-1660)
• - Effect Immigration/trade to New England
  dwindles, prices skyrocket
• Economy of New England
• - No cash crops, rocky soil, and short growing
  season
• - Trade with Natives (for food and pelts)
• - Trade with Europe (fish, pelts, timber)
• Population/Demographics Continued to grow
  because of a high birth rate (8-9 children the
  norm)

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Religious Issues

• Decedents of the first settlers felt saintliness
  was inherited
• 2nd 3rd generations not as pious. Creation of
  Halfway Covenant church members.
• Quakers (society of friends) arrive in New
  England. Different beliefs.
• - God speaks directly to everyone do not need
  preachers or Bibles
• - Refuse to conform to laws and government,
  Sabbath
• - As you can imagine there is conflict between
  the Quakers and Puritans. (See page 121)
• Salem Witch Trials- 100 accused of witchcraft,
  19 executed

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• The Founding of the
• Middle Colonies- last 1/3 of 1600s
• From New Netherland to New York
• - Dutch West India Company purchases Manhattan
  for goods worth 12 beaver pelts from local
  Natives.
• - New Amsterdam
• - Low population (although highly diverse) and
  low profits
• - Monarchy restored in England. Duke of York is
  given New Netherland as a land grant sent
  warships and kicked out the Dutch
• - Early Governors struggle with controlling the
  colony because of its diversity

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Colonies in Eastern North America1650
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New Netherland New Sweden
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New Jersey and Pennsylvania

• Duke of York subdivides his land grant
• Quarrels between officials. William Penn steps
  in.(Quaker and prominent individual from a
  military/political family)
• Jersey stays a propriety colony (focused on
  trade)
• Penn given a land grant for a Quaker colony
  (Pennsylvania) given to rid England of Quakers

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Middle Colonies, 1685
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Toleration and Diversity in Pennsylvania
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• The Colonies and the British Empire
• Royal Regulation of Colonial Trade
• - Monarchy consolidates proprietary grants into
  Royal colonies
• - Policies designed to increase revenues for the
  Monarchy and English merchants/shippers
• 1663 Staple Act All goods imported into colonies
  must pass throw English ports
• Overall the Monarchy was establish a highly
  regulatory trading system

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Relations with Native Americans and King Philips
War

• Massachusetts settlers massacre Pequots 1637
• 1670s warfare erupts in both New England
  Chesapeake (Bacon)
• In New England
• - Steady encroachment on Native land
• - Wampanoags struck back Chief is
  Metacomet/King Philip (settlers name for him)
• - Counterattacks and thousands are killed.
• - Colonists gain upper hand and defeated the
  Wampanoags with a scorched-earth policy. (see map
  on the next page)
• Aftermath Hatred of Natives, large war debt,
  devastated frontier and

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King Philips War, 1675 1676)
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Monarchy takes control of New England

• Aftermath Continued
• - Kings agents found laws were not abided
• - Monarchy incorporates Massachusetts and other
  colonies
• - Puritans really mad (especially when Catholics
  were appointed govt positions)
• Chaos in both England and New England
• - Protestants seize control again in England
• - Uprisings in New England
• - French from Canada began attacking New
  England. (would lead to several wars in the
  1700s that are fought both in Europe and the New
  World)

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Spread of Settlement British Colonies, 16501700