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Skeletal

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Ball-and-Socket Joint Hinge ... jaw STERNUM/ breastbone HUMERUS/ upper arm bone RIBS/ ribs VERTEBRAE/ back bone RADIUS/ top lower arm bone PELVIS / hip bone ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Skeletal


1
Skeletal Muscular Systems
  • Copy everything in RED and draw/label when told to

2
Skeletal system
  • The skeletal system provides support, protects
    internal organs, provides for movement, store
    mineral reserves, and provides a site for blood
    cell formation
  • Composed of types of connective tissue called
    bones, cartilage, and ligaments

3
The Skeleton
  • There are 206 bones in a human adult skeleton
  • Axial skeleton supports central body and
    consists of skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
  • Appendicular skeleton consists of bones of arm,
    legs, pelvis and shoulders
  • A newborn babys skeleton is mostly composed of
    cartilage, which is replaced by bone during
    ossification.
  • In adults, cartilage remains in places that need
    flexibility, such as the tip of nose, the ears,
    and where the ribs meet the sternum to allow for
    movement during breathing

4
Structure of Bones
  • Mostly made of calcium and phosphorus, but
    remember bones are living things!
  • Solid network of living cells and protein fibers
  • Surrounded by a tough layer of connective tissue
    periosteum
  • Dense compact bone layer contains a network of
    tubes Haversian canals, which have blood
    vessels and nerves in them
  • Less dense spongy bone layer adds strength to
    bones without adding mass
  • Two types of soft bone marrow within central
    cavity
  • Yellow made up primarily of fat cells
  • Red produces RBCs, some WBCs, and fragments
    (platelets)

5
Figure 36-3 The Structure of Bone
Section 36-1
6
Joints
  • Joints are places where one bone meets another
    bone
  • Immovable joints fixed allow no movement (for
    example skull)
  • Freely movable joints permit movement in one or
    more directions
  • Ball-and-socket circular movement (shoulder/hip)
  • Hinge back and forth motion (elbow/knee)
  • Pivot one bone rotates around another (radius
    and ulna in arm)
  • Saddle one bone slides in two directions
    (carpals and metacarpals in wrist)
  • Ligaments connect bones to other bones.

7
Figure 36-4 Freely Movable Joints and Their
Movements
Section 36-1
Ball-and-Socket Joint
Pivot Joint
Hinge Joint
Saddle Joint
8
COPY ALL TERMS ON THIS SLIDE
CRANIUM/ skull
CLAVICLE/ collar bone
MANDIBLE/ lower jaw
SCAPULA / shoulder blade
HUMERUS/ upper arm bone
STERNUM/ breastbone
RIBS/ ribs
VERTEBRAE/ back bone
RADIUS/ top lower arm bone
PELVIS / hip bone
ULNA/ bottom lower arm bone
CARPALS/ wrist bones
PHALANGES/ fingers
FEMUR / thigh bone
PATELLA/ kneecap
TIBIA/ shin bone
FIBULA / lower leg bone
TARSALS/ ankle bones
PHALANGES/ toes
9
Muscular system
  • The muscular system provides the forces that put
    the body in motion

10
Types of Muscle Tissue
  • There are 3 different types of muscle tissue
  • Skeletal usually attached to bone, responsible
    for voluntary movements (typing, dancing,
    winking), appears to have alternating dark and
    light bands striated muscle, controlled by CNS
  • Smooth not under voluntary control, not
    striated, do not need nerve stimulation because
    they are connected by gap junctions that allow
    electrical impulses to travel from one cell to
    the next (digestive tract, blood vessels, pupils)
  • Cardiac only found in the heart, striated, not
    under voluntary control

11
Muscle Contractions
  • Occurs when thin muscle filaments slide over
    thick muscle filaments
  • Thick have myosin protein
  • Thin have actin protein
  • The energy for muscle contractions is supplied by
    ATP

12
Interactions of Muscles and Bones
  • Skeletal muscles move bones by contracting, or
    pulling (muscles can ONLY pull)
  • Tendons connect muscles to bones
  • Skeletal muscles work in pairs one contracts and
    the other relaxes

13
MASSETER
BICEPS
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
TRICEPS
PECTORALIS MAJOR
DELTOID
RECTUS ABDOMINIS
SARTORIUS
RECTUS FEMORIS
GASTROCNEMIUS
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
14
MUSCLE FUNCTIONS
  • Masseter moves the mandible
  • Sternocleidomastoid- flex rotate the head
  • Biceps- flex the elbow
  • Triceps- extend the elbow
  • Deltoid- raise the arm
  • Pectoralis Major- pulls arms toward center of
    body
  • Rectus abdominis- bends body forward
  • Sartorius- rotates the thigh
  • Gastrocnemius- pulls toes down
  • Rectus femoris- extends lower leg
  • Tibialis Anterior- pulls toes up
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