Respiratory System

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Respiratory System

• In Class Notes

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Function of the Respiratory System

• Provides oxygen for distribution to the cells
  throughout your body. Also removes carbon dioxide
  from the body.

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Organs Involved (30.5)

• Mouth Air passage way (air is warm and moisture
  is added).
• Nose Same as above!
• Pharynx (throat) Where passageways for air and
  food cross.
• Epiglottis Flap of tissue that momentarily
  covers the air pathway prevents water or food
  from entering.
• Larynx (voice box) vocal cords vibrate as you
  exhale, producing sounds.
• Trachea (windpipe) c-shaped rings of cartilage
  fork into two bronchi.
• Bronchi tubes that connect trachea to lungs.
• Lungs exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with
  blood.
• Bronchioles small tubes at the end of bronchi
• Alveoli Gas exchange
• Diaphragm plays a key role in breathing muscle
  that controls air pressure in lungs.

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How You Breathe

• You inhale through your nose (filters bacteria
  and dirt out of air by mucus or hair) or mouth.
• Next it passes into the pharynx (throat), where
  the air and food cross.
• Passes through the open epiglottis, which blocks
  food from entering the lungs.
• Then it goes through the larynx (voice box) and
  then into the trachea (windpipe)
• The trachea splits into two bronchi (air tubes
  that connect the trachea to the lungs) which then
  split into finer tubes called bronchioles.
• Each bronchiole has a grapelike cluster of air
  sacs at the end of it called alveoli (surface is
  covered with epithelial cells)
• The oxygen you inhale dissolves into the
  epithelial cells
• The oxygen diffuses into the web of capillaries
  and enters red blood cells. Carbon dioxide goes
  from the capillaries across the epithelial cells
  and into he alveoli. Then it is expelled up the
  trachea through the nose or mouth.

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Diagram

• Here are all the parts (find a diagram you like)

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Parts you should know
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How is breathing regulated?

• Diaphragm controls the air pressure in
  lungs-diaphragm and rib muscles contract ?you
  inhale.
• The level of carbon dioxide controls breathing.

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What Can Smoking Do To You?

• Smoking can cause
• Cancer
• Emphysema (when the walls of the alveoli lose
  their elasticity)
• Higher risk for heart attack and strokes
• Higher cholesterol levels
• Heart has to work harder to deliver oxygen to
  cells

9
Name at least 3 disorders provide a description

• TuberculosisBacterial infection in the lungs
• BronchitisInflammation of the inner lining of
  bronchial tubes
• Influenzavirus that infects the respiratory
  tract fever, cough, soar throat, headache,
  stuffy nose, muscle aches.