Kingdom Fungi

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Kingdom Fungi
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Fungi have recently been recognized as
evolutionarily closer to animals than plants.
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Kingdom Fungi Characteristics

• 1) Cell wall made of chitin
• 2) Eukaryotic and multicellular
• 3) Classified by how they reproduce
• 4) Heterotrophs and major Decomposers

They feed by extracellular digestion. They
release digestive enzymes into their surroundings
and then absorb the digested nutrients into their
cells. Fungi must live on or near their food
source. Examples include mushrooms, moulds and
yeast.
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• Basic Structure
• Most fungi are multicellular. Fungi are made up
  of 2 main parts
• Hyphae a network of fine filaments that make up
  the body of the fungi
• Mycelium a branching network of hyphae that
  grow together underground

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Fungi Reproduction

• Most fungi alternate reproducing sexually for
  one generation then asexually for the next
  generation
• Two Types of Asexual Reproduction are
• Spores can be produced by mitosis. Spores are
  windblown reproductive cells that can grow into a
  new organism in a suitable environment.
• Fragmentation pieces of hyphae break off and
  grow into new mycelia

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Sexual Reproduction

• Spores can also be produced sexually.
• Occurs when two hyphae of opposite types, called
  mating strains and -, combine and fuse together
  to form a zygospore.
• A zygospore can develop into a new fungus. (See
  figure 12.47 on page 453)

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Classification of Fungi

• There are four major groups of fungi
• Zygospore fungi with sporangiophores
• Club fungi with basidiospores
• Sac fungi with ascophores
• Imperfect fungi with no sexual phase
• Fungi classification is changing rapidly with
  DNA analysis.