FUNGI

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FUNGI
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CHARACTERISTICS

• EUKARYOTIC
• MOST MULTICELLULAR
• HETEROTROPHIC Decomposers!!
• SAPROBES OR PARASITIC
• BODY IS MADE OF HYPHAE
• HAVE CELL WALLS MADE OF CHITIN

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FACTS

• EARLIEST FUNGI FOSSILS ARE ABOUT 500 MILLION
  YEARS OLD
• A FUNGUS IN WASHINGTON STATE COVERS AN AREA OF
  1500 ACRES

• FUNGI REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY AND SEXUALLY, AND ARE
  CHARACTERIZED BY THEIR METHOD OF REPRODUCTION

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• CONS
• ATHLETES FOOT
• JOCK ITCH
• YEAST INFECTIONS
• MOLDY BREAD
• MILDEW
• RINGWORM
• SOME ARE TOXIC
• HISTOPLASMOSIS (95 in H.I.V. cases)
• SICK BUILDING SYNDROME

PROS CONS

• PROS
• EDIBLE
• DECOMPOSERS
• BREADS
• PENICILLUM
• CYCLOSPORINE
• PREFERRED OVER BACTERIA FOR GENETIC ENGINEERING

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BASIDIOMYCOTA

• CLUB FUNGI
• 25,000 SPECIES
• MOSTLY TERRESTRIAL
• INCLUDES THE MUSHROOMS, TOADSTOOLS, PUFFBALLS,
  SHELF FUNGI, RUSTS AND SMUTS

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ZYGOMYCOTA

• 600 SPECIES
• COMMONLY FOUND IN SOIL DUNG
• INCLUDES THE BLACK BREAD MOLDS
• ZYGOMYCETES ARE COENOCYTIC (HYPHAE LACK SEPTA)

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Bread mold
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ASCOMYCOTA

• SAC FUNGI
• 30,000 SPECIES
• FOUND IN SOIL, DUNG, ROTTING LOGS, SALT AND FRESH
  WATER.
• INCLUDES YEASTS, MORELS, MILDEWS, MOLDS.

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DEUTEROMYCOTA

• FUNGI IMPERFECTI
• 10,000 SPECIES
• TERRESTRIAL
• INCLUDES ASPERGILLUS, PENICILLUM, ATHLETES FOOT,
  RINGWORM

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Lichens
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of Zygomycota
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION SPORANGIA FORM AT THE TIPS
  OF SPORANGIO-PHORES. THE SPORANGIA PRODUCE
  SPORES THAT ARE DISPERSED BY WIND.

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of Zygomycota
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IS CALLED CONJUGATION. 2
  MATING STRAINS JOIN AND FORM A ZYGOSPORE.
  MEIOSIS OCCURS WHEN SPRORE GERMINATES.

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ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
of Ascomycota

• ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION CONIDIA (SPORES) ARE FORMED
  ON THE ENDS OF CONIDIOPHORES.
• YEASTS BUDDING

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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
of Ascomycota

• THE REPRODUCTIVE BODY IS CALLED AN ASCOCARP.
• SACS CALLED ASCI FORM ON THE SURFACE OF THE
  ASCOCARP.
• EACH ASCUS CONTAINS 8 HAPLOID ASCOSPORES.

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ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
of Basidomycota

• ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IS CALLED FRAGMENTATION.
• THIS FORM OF REPRODUCTION IS RARE IN THIS GROUP,
  EXCEPT IN SOME RUSTS AND SMUTS.

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of Basidomycota
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• THE REPRODUCTIVE BODY IS CALLED A BASIDIOCARP.
• THE UNDERSIDE OF THE MUSHROOM CAP IS LINED WITH
  GILLS.
• CLUB SHAPED REPRODUCTIVE CELLS CALLED BASIDIA
  FORM ON THE GILLS.
• THE BASIDIA PRODUCES BASIDIOSPORES RELEASE THEM
  WHEN CONDITIONS ARE FAVORABLE.

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ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
of Dueteromycota

• ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION CONIDIA (SPORES) ARE FORMED
  ON THE ENDS OF CONIDIOPHORES.

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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
of Dueteromycota

• FUNGI IN WHICH SEXUAL REPRODUCTION HAS NOT BEEN
  OBSERVED