First Aorist Active

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First AoristActive Middle IndictativeChapter
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The Use of the Aorist Tense

• There are three tenses in the Greek that are used
  for the past tense.
• Aorist
• Perfect
• Imperfect
• The aorist tense describes either
• Simple action (usually in the past)
• Punctiliar action (point action)

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There are two ways the Aorist can be formed

• The First Aorist (Regular formation)
• The Second Aorist (Irregular formation)

These forms do not affect the meaning a first
aorist means the same thing as a second aorist
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There are two ways the Aorist can be formed

• The First Aorist (Regular formation)
• The Second Aorist (Irregular formation)

Regular English formation Put ed on the end
of a word.
Irregular English formation Swam instead of
swimmed.
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Difference between the First Aorist versus the
Second Aorist

• First Aorist

Second Aorist
Most common
Not so common
Adds an e at the beginning and a sa at the end of
the word
Adds an e at the beginning and then changes the
actual stem of the word, usually shortening it
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Present
1st Aorist
lu,w
Singular
elusa
lu,eij
elusaj
lu,ei
eluse (n)
lu,omen
Plural
elusamen
lu,ete
elusate
lu,ousi(n)
elusan
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Present
Future
Imperf
Aorist
Active
Active
Active
Active
Sg
lu,sw
eluon
lu,w
elusa
lu,eij
lu,seij
eluej
elusaj
lu,sei
elue (n)
lu,ei
eluse
lu,omen
lu,somen
eluomen
Pl
elusamen
lu,ete
lusete
eluete
elusate
lu,ousin
lu,sousin
eluon
elusan
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Tau,thn evpoi,hsen avrch.n tw/n shmei,wn o
VIhsou/j evn Kana. th/j Galilai,aj kai.
evfane,rwsen th.n do,xan auvtou/( kai.
evpi,steusan eivj auvto.n oi maqhtai. auvtou/

• This beginning of signs Jesus did in Cana of
  Galilee and he manifested his glory, and his
  disciples believed in him (John 211)

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Stems ending in a stop

• Ble,pw becomes ebleya
• Gra,fw becomes egraxa

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Ouvk egraya umi/n( oti ouvk oidate th.n
avlh,qeian( avllV oti oidate auvth,n( kai. oti
pa/n yeu/doj evk th/j avlhqei,aj ouvk estinÅ

• I did not write to you because you do not know
  the truth, but because you do know it, and
  because every lie is not of the truth (1 John
  221)

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To,te o VIhsou/j evla,lhsen toi/j ocloij kai.
toi/j maqhtai/j auvtou/

• Then Jesus spoke to the multitudes and to His
  disciples

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oi de. eipan\ pi,steuson evpi. to.n ku,rion
VIhsou/n kai. swqh,sh su. kai. o oiko,j sou

• But they said, Believe on the Lord Jesus and you
  shall be saved and your house.

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kai. evla,lhsan auvtw/ to.n lo,gon tou/ kuri,ou
su.n pa/sin toi/j evn th/ oivki,a auvtou/Å

• And they spoke to him the word of the Lord with
  all those in his house (Acts 1632).

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evka,lesen uma/j dia. tou/ euvaggeli,ou hmw/n
eivj peripoi,hsin do,xhj tou/ kuri,ou hmw/n
VIhsou/ Cristou/Å
Possession

• He called you through His gospel into possession
  of the glory of the Lord Jesus Christ (2 Thess.
  214)

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ouj de. prow,risen( tou,touj kai. evka,lesen\
kai. ouj evka,lesen( tou,touj kai. evdikai,wsen\
ouj de. evdikai,wsen( tou,touj kai. evdo,xasenÅ

• But who he predestined, these also he called, and
  who he called, these also he justified, but who
  he justified, these also he glorified (Romans
  830)

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Stems beginning in a vowel

• VAgapa,w becomes hvga,phsa
• VAkou,w becomes hkousa

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Hmei/j hvkou,samen evk tou/ no,mou oti o
cristo.j me,nei eivj to.n aivw/na

• We heard from the law that the Christ remains
  forever (John1234)

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Auth evsti.n h evntolh. h evmh,( ina
avgapa/te avllh,louj kaqw.j hvga,phsa uma/j

• This is My commandment, that yall love one
  another, just as I loved you. (John 1512).

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Liquid Aorists

• The s is dropped and only the a is added
• Me,nw becomes emaina

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Aorist Middle Indicative
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Present
Aorist Active
Aorist Middle
lu,w
S
elusa
evlusa,mhn
lu,eij
elusaj
evlu,sw
lu,ei
eluse (n)
evlu,sato
lu,omen
Pl
elusamen
evlusa,meqa
lu,ete
elusate
evlu,sasqe
lu,ousi(n)
elusan
evlu,santo
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On some occasions, the middle voice actually
changes the meaning of the word

• arcw (active) I rule
• arcomai (middle) I begin

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