The Rise of Islam

1
Lesson 7

• The Rise of Islam

2
Muhammed (pbuh)

• Born 750 C.E. In Mecca

3
Islam

• Religion based on the teachings of Muhammed
  (pbuh)
• ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? (???? ?????? ???????)

4
Revelation

• Message from God
• ????? ?? ????

5
Teachings of Muhammed (pbuh)

• The angel Gabriel told Muhammed (pbuh) that he
  was a prophet, a messenger from God

6

• Muhammed (pbuh) taught his followers there was
  only one God and all other gods must be rejected
• ???? ???? (???? ?????? ???????) ?????? ?? ???
  ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????

7
Muslim

• Follower of Islam
• ????? ???????

8
Mecca

• Mecca was an important trading center in the 500s
• 500s ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??

9
Mecca

• People came to trade, and to worship at a shrine
  called Ka'bah
• ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????

10
Shrine

• Sacred religious site
• ???? ???? ???????

11
Ka'bah

• At the time, people in Mecca worshiped many gods,
  whose idols stood in the Ka'bah
• ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????
  ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????

12
Preach

• Deliver a religious message
• ????? ????? ?????

13

• When Muhammed (pbuh) preached in Mecca, many
  people followed

14
Muhammed (pbuh)' s Enemies

• Some rich and powerful people did not like
  Muhammed (pbuh)'s message and forced him out of
  Mecca
• ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? (????
  ?????? ???????) ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???

15

• Muhammed (pbuh) and his followers then settled in
  Medina
• ???? (???? ?????? ???????) ??????? ?? ????? ??
  ??????? ???????

16
Migration

• Movement from one place to another
• ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???

17
Hijrah

• The forced migration is called Hijrah and marks
  the starting point of the Islamic calendar.
• ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??
  ??????? ????????.

18
Medina

• In Medina, more people welcomed Muhammed's (pbuh)
  message
• ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??
  ???? (?) ?????

19
Medina

• So many people began to follow Muhammed (pbuh) in
  Medina, that his teachings were made into law
  there
• ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? (???? ??????
  ???????) ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????
  ??????? ?? ??????? ????

20
Opposition

• People who are against something
• ????? ????? ?? ?? ???

21

• Muhammed (pbuh) had some opposition in Medina,
  but his main enemies were from Mecca
• ??? ???? (?) ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????
  ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???

22
Battles

• In 627 C.E., an army of 10,000 men attacked
  Muhammed (pbuh)'s forced in Medina
• ?? 627 ???? CE? ???? ?? 10?000 ??? ???? (????
  ?????? ???????) ??????? ?? ??????? ???????

23

• The attack failed, and Muhammed (pbuh)'s position
  became stronger
• ??? ??????? ????? (???? ?????? ???????) ???? ????
  ????

24

• Muhammed (pbuh) made peace with his enemies
• ??? ???? (???? ?????? ???????) ?????? ?? ??????

25

• Mecca surrendered peacefully and Muhammed (pbuh)
  returned there
• ?????? ??? ????? ????? (???? ?????? ???????) ???
  ????

26

• Muhammed (pbuh) forgave Meccans which made many
  accept him as a prophet
• ??? ???? (???? ?????? ???????) ??? ??? ?????? ??
  ??????? ???? ?? ????

27

• Muhammed (pbuh) destroyed the idols at the Ka'bah
  and made it a mosque
• ???? ???? (???? ?????? ???????) ??????? ??
  ??????? ????? ?? ????

28
Mosque

• A Muslim house of worship
• ??? ???? ???????

29
The Qur'an and the Sunnah

• Qur'an
• Words of God as told to Muhammed (pbuh) through
  Gabriel
• ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? (???? ?????? ???????) ??
  ???? ???????

30
Recited

• Repeated aloud
• ???? ???? ???

31

• Muhammed (pbuh) recited the revelations to his
  followers who memorized them and later put them
  in a book
• ????? ???? (???? ?????? ???????) ????? ???????
  ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????

32
Qur'an

• In Arabic
• Divided into suras (religious lessons)

33
Suras

• Most important sura (lesson) is that there is one
  true God who sent the revelations as a guide for
  people
• ???? ??? (?????) ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????
  ???? ????? ????? ?????

34
Messengers

• Suras also taught God sent different messengers
  to different people
• ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????

35

• Qur'an tells that Muhammed (pbuh) is the last
  prophet
• ?????? ???? ?? ???? (?) ?? ??? ???

36
Sunnah

• A guide for living based on the life of Muhammed
  (pbuh)
• ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? (???? ??????
  ???????)

37
Expansion

• 100 years after Muhammed (pbuh) died (in 632
  C.E.), his teachings had spread to Asia, Africa,
  and Europe
• 100 ??? ??? ???? (?) ???? (??? 632 ?)? ????
  ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???????

38
Caliphs

• Heads of the Muslim community
• ????? ??????? ????

39
Civil War??? ?????

• Different groups struggled for the power to lead
  the Muslim community
• ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????

40

• After the third Caliph was murdered, Ali,
  Muhammed (pbuh) cousin and son-in-law, was chosen
  as the next Caliph
• ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????
  (???? ??????) ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????????
  ??????

41

• Ali was also murdered, and a family call the
  Umayyads took power in 661.
• ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????
  ??? 661.

42
Shi'a

• Muslim group that believes the caliph should be a
  relative of Muhammed (pbuh)
• ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????
  ???? (???? ?????? ???????)

43

• Shi'a opposed the Umayyads
• ????? ?????? ????????

44
Sunnis

• Muslim group that accepted the Umayyads and the
  rule of other caliphs
• ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ????

45
The Umayyads

• Ruled for 90 years by making changes to keep
  control over their huge empire
• ??? ?????? ???? 90 ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????
  ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????????? ????

46
Changes

• Moved capital from Medina to Damascus
• ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????

47
Changes

• Made Arabic official language
• ??? ????? ??????? ???????

48
Changes

• Set up a system so everyone used the same money
  which made commerce easier
• ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????
  ??? ??????? ???? ?????

49
Commerce

• Trade
• ???????

50
Changes

• Set up postal system that improved communication
• ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????

51
Communication

• Exchanging information
• ????? ?????????

52
The Abbasids

• In 750, the Abbasids defeated the Umayyads
• ?? 750? ??? ???????? ?????????

53

• Created a new capital in present day Baghdad
• ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????

54

• Commerce flourished under the Abbasids
• ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????

55
Flourished

• Did very well
• ??? ???? ??????

56
Muslims...

• Founded many schools and universities
• ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????

57

• They hired scholars to translate into Arabic the
  works of the Ancient Greeks in science and
  philosophy
• ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????
  ??????? ?? ????? ????????

58
Scholars

• People of great learning
• ??? ???? ??????

59

• Muslims brought knowledge of mathematics,
  astronomy, history, and medicine from India and
  Persia
• ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????
  ????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????

60
Astronomy

• Study of objects in space
• ????? ??????? ?? ??????

61

• Muslims created their own forms of literature,
  and made great advances in art and architecture
• ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????
  ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????

62
Literature

• Written materials
• ?????? ????????

63

• Poor leadership and invasions by outsiders
  eventually led to the decline of Islamic
  civilization.
• ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???
  ????? ??????? ?????????.