II. War in the Pacific

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II. War in the Pacific
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A. Atlantic Charter

• American people did not want to get involved in
  WWII
• Lend-Lease Act (1941) Allowed the United States
  to lend or lease weapons to any country vital to
  U.S.
• Atlantic Charter Roosevelt and Churchill meet
  to make a war plan
• Would allow all countries to choose their own
  government after the war
• Agreed that the Nazis must be defeated first

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B. Day of Infamy

• U.S. did not enter the war but they cut off aid
  to all Axis powers
• Refused to sell oil to Japan which stalled their
  war efforts Japan felt that their only option
  was to attack the U.S.
• December 7, 1941 U.S. naval force at Pearl
  Harbor was attacked by the Japanese

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Declaration of War Against Japan, 1941 Primary
Source
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• More than 2,300 Americans were killed
• President Roosevelt proclaimed that it would be a
  date which will live in infamy
• America declared war on Japan the next day

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Pearl Harbor
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U.S.S. Arizona Memorial
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C. Japanese Victories

• 85 - American forces sent to fight in Europe
• Resulted in many early Japanese victories
• Japanese believed that they could not be defeated
• Took over much of Southeast Asia from 1941-1942

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D. Allies Strike Back

• James H. Doolittle Led a bombing raid against
  Tokyo and other important Japanese cities in
  April 1942
• Helped raise American moral and showed the
  Japanese that they could be defeated

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• Battle of the Coral Sea Battles that involved
  airplanes attacking ships
• Kamikaze Japanese suicide pilots
• Japanese were able to kill more Allied troops,
  but Allies were able to stop Japanese advances

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E. Battle of Midway

• Admiral Chester Nimitz Leader of American
  forces at Midway
• Decoded Japanese messages revealed they would
  attack Midway

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• Nimitz let the Japanese attack the island
• As the first Japanese planes took flight the
  Americans staged a surprise attack
• Most Japanese planes were still on deck when the
  Americans attacked
• Turning point in the Pacific War Much of
  Japans navy was destroyed

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F. Allied Offensive

• After Midway the Allies went on the offensive for
  the first time
• Douglas MacArthur Commander of all Allied land
  forces in the Pacific

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• Island-Hopping Take islands not well defended
  and close to Japan and bypassing well defended
  islands
• Allies were able to gain key victories in the
  Pacific
• Battles described as simply hell