Problems facing Nation on the Eve of War

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Problems facing Nation onthe Eve of War

• No Money-Issued Bills of Credit to finance war.
• Loyalists- 1/3 of colonial population was loyal
  to the British Crown.
• They aided the enemy
• fought against colonists
• celebrated British victories

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Problems Continued

• Weak Government- Articles of Confederation
  government was unable to tax, or in any way
  require the states to finance the war.
• Had 13 separate Nation/states rather than a
  united states.

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Two critical battles

• Battle of Saratoga 17 oct 1777, Burgoyne
  surrendered 5700 men. Battle led to alliance
  with between United States and France.
• Two treatiesTreaty of Amity and Commerce and
  Treaty of Alliance.

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The surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga 17 oct. 1777
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Reasons why the French wanted Alliance

• Revenge- for loss of the French and Indian war.
• Enlightenment in France- Natural Rights.
• An independent America would commercially benefit
  France.

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Results of French Alliance

• Spain enters war against England in 1779.
  Motivation was the acquiring of Gibraltar.
• Dutch enter the war against England 1780. Dutch
  had taken over British trade routes.
• League of Armed Neutrality, Baltic Countries
  threatened war against England.

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Battle of Yorktown

• Battle of Yorktown Oct 1781. Gen. George
  Washington and French Gen. Rochambeau defeated
  Gen. Cornwallis. On the 19th of Oct. the British
  laid down their guns.

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Battle between French and British off Virginia 5
Sept. 1781
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Treaty of Paris 1783

• Benjamin Franklin, John Jay and John Adams formal
  negotiations for peace with the British lead by
  the Earl of Shelburne.
• Provisions of the Treaty of Paris.

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Provisions of Treaty

• American Independence
• Set Boundaries North the Great Lakes South
  either the 31 or 32 Parallel West the
  Mississippi River.
• Granted fishing rights off Canadian Coast.
• Right to Navigate the Mississippi River.

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Provisions Continued

• Colonies to place no lawful impediment in the way
  of British merchants to collect debts owned them
  in America.
• Return of Loyalists properties.

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Republicanism Defined and Challenged

• Republicanism Ideals and wartime Pressures
• The loyalists Exodus
• The problem of Slavery
• A Republican Religious Order

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