Technical Training for Fleet Managers

1
Cleaner vehicle fleets inCentral and Eastern
Europe

• Technical Training for Fleet Managers
• Thursday 18 September 2008
• Regional Environmental Center
• for Central and Eastern Europe
• Szentendre, Hungary

2
Agenda 18th September

• 830 Registration of participants
• 900 Welcome and tour de table
• 915 Session 1 Sustainable transport and the
  importance of cleaner fleet management
• 1030 Coffee Break
• 1045 Session 2 Presentation of the cleaner
  fleet management toolkit
• 1230 Session 3 Group session - Learning to use
  the toolkit
• 1330 Lunch
• 1430 Session 4 Cleaner fleet management in
  practice, by Turgut Yildiz, Country general
  manager, TNT Express Turkey
• 1500 Session 5a Practical session
• 1630 Coffee Break
• 1645 Session 5b Next steps to a cleaner fleet
  strategy
• 1800 Close

3
Objectives Expectations

• What are yours?

• Objectives UNEP for this training
• Train public and private fleet managers in the
  practical use and application of the Cleaner
  Fleet Management Toolkit within their own
  institution
• Discuss opportunities to improve the
  environmental performance of your fleet
• Have organizations defining building blocks that
  are relevant for your clean fleet strategy
• Expectations
• Public and private fleet managers use their fleet
  specific data to begin development of cleaner
  fleet strategies during training
• Increased awareness of cleaner fleet solutions
  and available UNEP support in this area
• Exchange of opinions and ideas from all
  participants as they can be useful for the other
  organizations as well

4
Analyze your fleet and initiate a strategy

• Use or estimate your fleet data
• Use the toolkit to estimate your emissions
• Identify your options for improvements
• What are realistic goals for your organization?
• Develop a draft strategy for a cleaner fleet
• Presentations of some of the draft strategies
• Group discussion and analysis of strategies

5
Practical steps to take following this training

• Collect fleet Data, so that you can measure
  improvements
• Calculate or estimate your environmental Impact
• Start by applying the toolkit
• Search for other more accurate information
  sources, like vehicle handbooks, manufacturers
  websites, test reports, etc.
• Identify your Options for improvement
• Start with the options in the toolkit
• Search for other options as well
• Define your Clean Fleet Management Strategy
• Short term strategy (incl. quick wins)
• Medium term strategy
• Long term strategy
• Develop Indicators for monitoring
• Indicators should be independent of future
  changes of business
• The perfect baseline is seldom possible
• Ensure there is high level Commitment
• Start your strategy
• Inform each other (and us) on your results! See
  the participants list for contact details.

6
Quiz Questions
7
Quiz A new vehicle?

• Q Is it possible to drive a Toyota Prius in
  Serbia (both unleaded leaded petrol fuel
  available with max. 2000 ppm / 0.2 sulfur)

A Yes, if you buy unleaded fuel only, you can
drive the Prius. However, as low sulfur
petrol fuel is recommended (but not required),
the 3 way catalytic converter usually installed
when imported second hand- will not reduce the
emissions properly.
Q Is it possible to import the latest diesel
Landcruiser in Africa?
A Yes. As all diesel emission control
technologies require low or ultra low sulfur
diesel, these technologies will not be installed
in vehicles manufactured for Africa.
8
Sulfur Impacts on emissions control technologies

• TWC
• Three Way Catalyst
• DOC
• Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
• SCR
• Selective Catalytic Reduction
• DPF Diesel Particulate Filter

Source Low-Sulphur gasoline and diesel the key
to lower vehicle emissions, Katherine O.
Blumberg, Michael P. Walsh, and Charlotte Pera,
prepared by for the International Council on
Clean Transportation, May 2003.
http//www.theicct.org/documents/Low-Sulfur_ICCT_2
003.pdf
9
Quiz the effects of sulfur

• Q Sulphur significantly reduces the life of
  engines.
• When the sulphur level was decreased from 10,000
  ppm to
• 1,000 ppm, by what percentage did the average
  engine life increase?

10
The effect of sulfur on engine life

• A Going from 15000 to 1000 ppm (1,5 to 0,1)
  sulfur in fuel, is estimated to increase engine
  life by 80 to 90.

11
Quiz CO2 from cars

• Q How much CO2 is emitted by a single 1000 km
  trip by a new passenger car like the Opel Astra
  1.6?

A Fuel consumption acc. To Ecotest 6,99 L/100
km 14,3 km/L So for 1000 km 69,9 L of fuel
will be consumed, emitting 69,9 x 2,35 164 kg
of CO2.
12
Quiz CO2 from airplanes

• Q How much CO2 is emitted by a single flight
  Amsterdam-Nairobi?

A Distance 6.877 km Fuel consumption 249
liter ? 0,625 ton CO2, plus air
pollutants Source KLM CO2 calculator
13
Quiz Air Pollution

• Q How many people die prematurely due to air
  pollution?

A WHO estimates 800,000 people die prematurely
every year due to air pollution
14
Quiz PCFV Logo

• Q What would you say this logo represents?

15
Quiz Fuel Economy
Q What's the fuel economy of the new Toyota
Prius (in km/L)?
A According to the New European Drive Cycle
5,02 L/100km 19,9 km/L
A2 US New Combined Drive Cycle 46 MPG 19,6
km/L (19,1 on highways, 20,4 in city traffic)
16
Question

• Q How far does the impact of lead particles
  emitted by cars in Europe reach?

A Lead particles from Europe can still be found
in Green land
17
Lead particles in Greenland ice core
18
(No Transcript)
19
Hidden sheets

• Not part of the training.
• Will only be used if extra background information
  is needed.

20
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
21
Benefits of Hybrids

• The best results are achieved when
• a large share of the traffic is urban or Stop
  Go traffic, increasing the benefits of
  regenerative braking and
• high annual mileage, reducing the payback period
  of the additional investment
• high fuel prizes, increasing the value of the
  fuel saved and so reducing the pack period
• used in densely populated areas, where the
  reduction of polluting emissions contribute to
  the health of a large number of people
• governments have a programme supporting fuel
  efficient vehicles by financial or other
  incentives, like dedicated lanes
• Typical fleets to use HEVs for
• Private and business passenger vehicles, exposed
  to traffic jams
• City taxis
• Light Duty Delivery trucks
• Transit buses and School buses
• Waste collection trucks

22
Total cost of ownership

• Assuming fuel consumptions
• 20 km/ltr ( 0.05 ltr/km) for the hybrid
• 12, 5 km/ltr for a comparable conventional car
  (0.08 ltr/km),
• Expected life time of 200.000 km ?reduction of
  fuel consumption will be 6000 litres.

23
Some hybrid models
Source HybridCenter.org
24
Hybrid busses Connecticut Department of
Transportation

• Compared four different state of the art busses
  with its fleet averages (Foyd 2005)
• a. clean-diesel buses operated on Number 1 diesel
  fuel (Sulphur level lt 500 ppm)
• b. clean-diesel buses operated on
  ultra-low-sulfur-diesel (ULSD) fuel (,15 ppm) and
  fitted with diesel particulate filters (DPF)
• c. hybrid buses operated on Number 1 diesel fuel,
  
• d. hybrid buses operated on ULSD fuel and fitted
  with DPF

25
NY city bus project
NYC Transit PM and NOx Emissions
1995 2000 2005 1995
2000 2005
1995 500 ppm, no DOC 2000 500 ppm, DOC, approx.
1000 new vehicles 2005 30 ppm, DPFs, 3200 new
vehicles
26
Hybrid Bus Experiences
27
Examples of Passenger cars fleets

• Vancouver Hybrid
• Taxi Fleet
• NY will have their taxis
• all hybrid by 2012
• London Congestion charge not to be paid by
  hybrid taxis

28
Filling in the fleet inventory

• Fill in the numbers of vehicles, the kms driven,
  and the fuel consumption. If you dont have exact
  numbers then a good estimate will be enough.
• If you dont know your vehicles EMISSION STANDARD
  according to the Euro standard then use the text
  below to approximate with the age of the vehicle.
• Most developing countries in Africa and parts of
  Asia rely on a mix of imported vehicles and
  locally assembled vehicles.
• Locally assembled are usually pre-Euro or Euro I
  standard due to lack of national emission
  standards.
• Imported vehicles have the standard from the
  country they were imported. Emission standards in
  Asia are generally lagging behind EU, US and
  Japanese standards with 10 years (except China
  catching up). However, even if imported with a
  high emission standard, this standard soon
  deteriorates due to lack of effective IM
  programmes and high sulfur levels in diesel.
  Anything beyond Euro I requires lt500 ppm of
  sulfur in diesel which is currently not available
  in many developing countries (2000 up to 7000
  ppm).
• Examples
• 1. Any vehicle bought and driven in an EU country
  year 2000 Euro III
• 2. An truck assembled in Kenya the year 2000
  Euro I
• 3. Any truck made in EU year 2000 and imported to
  Kenya Euro I due to high sulphur levels in
  diesel

29
EURO emission standards

• Simplified charts showing
• the progression of European
• emission standards for Petrol (?) and Diesel
  cars.
• NOx
• Particulate Matter
• Note that until Euro 5,
• there were no PM limits
• for petrol vehicles.

Note that until Euro 5, there were no PM limits
for petrol vehicles.
30
Emissions ImprovementOld and New Land Cruiser
31
Toyota Land Cruiser

• Information from
• US EPAs green vehicle guide
• www.epa.gov/greenvehicles
• FIAs Ecotest
• www.ecotest.eu

32
Fuel Qualities Lead/Unleaded Petrol Fuel

• Leaded Petrol
• North Korea
• Myanmar
• Yemen
• Dual system
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Montenegro
• Serbia
• Tajikistan
• Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
• Uzbekistan
• Afghanistan
• Algeria
• Iraq
• Morocco
• Tunisia
• Unleaded only

Source www.unep.org/pcfv
33
Fuel Quality Diesel sulfur levels
34
Aggregated Fleet Data from WFP Country Offices

• 31 countries (36 of 86 countries with SIS)
• 1362 vehicles (66 of 2058 vehicles under SIS)
• 472 motorcycles (68 of 687 motorcycles under
  SIS)
• ? Data coverage is 2/3
• Assuming the other 55 countries have similar
  fleets and fleets usage, one can estimate the
  emissions of the whole SIS insured WFP Fleet, by
  multiplying these numbers with 1,5, e.g.
• Fuel consumption 6,7 mln ltr x 1,5 10 mln
  ltr/yr
• Total mileage 28 mln x 1,5 42 mln kms/yr

35
Estimation of WFP emissions

• Using the factor 1,5 for the whole WFP fleet
• assuming an average diesel content of 5000 ppm
  and
• assuming all data is correct (!)
• The toolkit gives the following indicative
  emissions
• CO2 24000 ton
• PM10 10 ton
• SOx 9 ton
• NOx 130 ton
• VOC 110 ton
• CO 330 ton
• Is that much?
• What to do now?

36
First recommendations for WFP and IFRC

• Short term
• Start promoting Eco-driving
• Send all drivers to a clean driving training
• Refresh bi-annually
• Monitor the fuel economy per vehicle
• Consider the environmental impact (both CO2 and
  Air pollution) when choosing new vehicles (SUN
  project!)
• Define a pilot project with Hybrid Electric
  Passenger Vehicles
• Medium term
• No 4WD vehicles in city traffic
• Move pre-euro vehicles to high-sulfur countries,
  enabling to clean the fleet in low-sulfur
  countries
• Manual transmission vehicles only
• Use or import Low Sulfur diesel where possible
• Long term
• Change all trucks to Euro 3 or higher where
  possible
• Change all motorcycles to 4 strokes

37
Cleaner vehicle fleets inCentral and Eastern
Europe

• Training for REC Country Offices
• Friday 19 September 2008
• Regional Environmental Center for
• Central and Eastern Europe
• Szentendre, Hungary

38
Agenda 19th September

• 830 Registration of participants
• 900 Welcome and tour de table
• 915 Session 1 Sustainable transport and the
  importance of cleaner fleet management
• United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and
  Regional Environmental Center for Central and
  Eastern Europe (REC) cooperation on cleaner fuels
  and vehicles
• Transport and the environment energy, air
  quality and climate change
• Cleaner, more efficient vehicles the role of
  fleets and fleet managers
• 1030 Coffee Break
• 1045 Session 2 Presentation of the cleaner
  fleet management toolkit
• Overview at purpose and function of the toolkit
• In-depth look at the tools available
• Understanding the Inventory and Options Tool
  18
• 1300 Lunch
• 1400 Session 3 The toolkit in practice
• The experience of TNT Turkey, by Turgut Yildiz,
  Country General Manager, TNT Express Turkey
• Development of cleaner fleet strategies
• 1500 Coffee Break
• 1515 Session 4 Applying the toolkit in your
  country programmes
• Discussion targeting fleets and fleet managers
• UNEP and REC support