Kingdom Fungi

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Kingdom Fungi

• Sections 18-2 and 23-2

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A Recipe for Mushrooms

• Ingredients
• Substrate (compost)
• hay
• horse droppings (urine,)
• corn cobs
• poultry droppings
• Spawn
• mostly the mycelium of a mushroom

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A Recipe for Mushrooms

• Directions
• Prepare the substrate mix ingredients, sterilize
  
• Combine spawn to substrate, mix
• Wait then harvest mushrooms

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Draw a mushroom

• Cap
• Stalk
• Hyphae root-like fibers
• Mycelium a group of hyphae
• Spores inside gills

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Examine a Mushroom

• Cap
• Stalk
• Gills
• Ring
• Basidia
• Spores

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• Cap
• Stalk

Ring?
Gills Basidia inside gills, small Spores
attached to basidia
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Nutrition

• Extracellular digestion

Digestive enzymes are secreted into the
substrate, digested food is absorbed into the
mycelium.
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Reproduction

• Haploid spores are produced
• The life cycle of a mushroom

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• The basidia are located in the gills.
• The stipe is the stalk.
• Haploid to diploid (n to 2n)
• The germinating basidospore produces the the
  (hyphae?) or mycelium.
• In the mycelium by fusion.
• Basideospores are produced by meiosis.
• Basideospres are dispersed by wind!

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Beneficial Fungi

• Yeast
• Mushrooms
• Morels
• Truffles
• Penicillin- medicine

food
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Non-beneficial Fungi

• Rusts
• Rhizopus Black bread mold
• Puffballs
• Toadballs
• Toadstool Ringworm
• Tomato blight
• Cucumber scab
• Athlete's foot

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Phylum Zygomycota

• Common mold
• Black Bread mold
• Produce sporangia

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Phylum Basideomycota

• mushrooms

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Phylum Deutromycotes

• Imperfect fungi
• Ring worm
• Athlete's foot
• etc.

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Phylum Asocomycota

• Yeast
• truffles
• morels
• sac fungi

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Phylum Imperfect Fungi
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References
 
http//wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/488/4999
91/CDA29_1/CDA29_1a/CDA29_1a.htmExcellent
bisideomycetes life cycle
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Lichens

• Green scale-like patches on rock and trees
• Symbiotic partnership
• fungus (water, minerals)
• cyanobacteria (photosynthesis)
• soil builders
• Survive in harsh environments

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LICHENS- A primary producer
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LICHEN

• Lichen is a combination of two separate organisms
  - fungus and cyanobacteria

• The fungus provides a structure that may protect
  the alga from drying and harsh conditions

• The algae provides the food supply using
  photosynthesis

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• Lichens are also dye sources, and is used as a
  food-coloring agent and to form litmus, the
  acid-base indicator.

• In arctic and alpine regions such lichens as
  reindeer moss serve as food for caribou, reindeer
  and other mammals.

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• Answer Key
• 1.        Lichen is a symbiotic relationship
  between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism.
• 2.        Because both partners benefit this is
  an example of mutualism.
• 3.        Fungi can reproduce both
  __sexuallyandasexually
• 4.        The members of kingdom fungi are
  heterotrophic/heterotrophic they use other
  organisms for food.
• 5.        The filaments that make up a fungus are
  called hypha.
• 6.        Together these filaments are called the
  mycelium.
• 7.        If the filament is an unspecialized
  root it is called a rhizoid.
• 8.        The different phyla of fungi are
  separated based on their fruiting body, or
  spore-producing structure.
• 9.        In bread mold, a sporangia is a
  structure that produces spores.
• 10.     The fungus yeast is an exception, but
  most other fungi are multicellular, unlike the
  members of kingdom Protista.
• 11.     In fungi, internal membranes, for
  example, a nuclear envelope, are present, making
  them eukaryotic, unlike the bacteria.
• 12.     If an organism uses dead organisms as a
  food supply as many fungi do, it is called a
  saprophyte.
• 13.     Athletes foot is a fungus that uses a
  living organism as a food supply. It is a
  parasite.
• 14.     The outermost structure of a fungal cell,
  the cell wall, is different than plants. It
  contains a polysaccharide called chitin..
• 15.     Fungi are important decomposers in the
  environment. Using extra cellular they breakdown
  dead organisms and release their nutrients into
  the environment.
• 16.     After this process the fungi use
  absorption to obtain these nutrients.
• 17.     A spore does not contain a double set of
  chromosomes. It is a haploid cell.
• 18.     A single spore lands on a piece of bread
  and produces a sporangium and new spores. This is
  an example of asexual reproduction

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Fungus Xerox 18-2

• 11 heterotropic eukaryotics
• 12 chitin
• 13 hypha
• 14 mycellium
• 15 spore
• 16 basdeomycota
• 17 EC
• 18 EC deuteromycetes
• 19 sexually and asexually
• 20 asexual

• 1 c
• 2 d
• 3 a
• 4 f
• 5 g
• 6 e
• 7 g
• 8 b
• 9 e
• 10 f

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Fungi Xerox 18-2 (cont.)

• 21
• 22
• 23

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FUNGI
BOTH
PLANTS
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Fungi 23-2

• 1 b
• 2 h
• 3 d.
• 4 i
• 5 f
• 6 b/h
• 7 g
• 8 e
• 9 f E.C.
• 10 c
• 11 i E.C.
• 12 a

• 13 Heterotrophs
• 14 outside
• 15 Hypha
• 16 Mycelium
• 17 Perforated
• 18 Asexually
• 19 Fruiting Body
• 20 Deueromycetes