Taxonomy

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Taxonomy

• By Sandi Quier

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Taxonomy

• Taxonomy is the process of classifying living
  creates in different groups.

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History of Classification

• Taxonomy is one of the worlds oldest professions.
• Carl Linnaeus, Swedish botanist started
  scientific naming in the 18th century.
• Taxonomy is not only in naming different species
  but the relationships between the species.
• Charles Darwin revolutionized taxonomy.

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Darwins Contribution

• In 1830 Charles Darwin went to the Galapagos
  Island and studied his surroundings as a
  naturalist.
• 29 years later he published The Origins of
  Species.
• This publication revolutionized the thinking of
  the scientific world and the world as a whole.

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The Origin of Species

• This book explained how new species arise and
  existing species become extinct over time.
• This introduced the element of time to the study
  of taxonomy.
• For the first time scientist realized that the
  species that are on the earth today are not the
  species that were on the earth at the time of
  creation.

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Binomial Nomenclature

• To avoid confusion scientist give all living
  things two names
• The first describes the genus that the organisms
  belongs to.
• The second one is a unique species name.
• What is a Name?

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Classification Categories

• King Philip Can Order Five Good Soups
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

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The 5 Kingdoms

• Monera
• Prokaryotic no distinct nucleus
• Protista
• Animalia
• Plantae
• Fungi

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Monera

• Single cell organisms
• No distinct nucleus (prokaryotic)

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Classification of Monera

• Monera is classified as
• Blue-green Bacteria
• Contain blue pigment as well as chlorophyll
• Get their energy from photosynthesis
• Bacteria
• Get most of their energy from food
• Some bacteria needs oxygen to survive
• Aerobes (need oxygen)
• Anaerobes (do not need oxygen)
• Bacteria is classified by their shape.

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Protista

• Single cell organisms
• Eukaryotic
• Distinct nucleus
• Organelles surrounded by a membrane

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Protista

• Protists are traditionally subdivided into
  several groups based on similarities to the
  higher kingdoms
• Protozoa the animal-like protists
• Motile protists that feed by phagocytosis
• the cellular process of engulfing solid particles
  by the cell membrane to form an internal food
  vacuole

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Protista

• Algae the plant-like protists
• Some are considered protozoa which have acquired
  chloroplasts through secondary endosymbiosis.
• any organism that lives within the body or cell
  of another organism.
• The others are non-motile.

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Protista

• Fungus-like protists
• Produce sporangia
• A structure producing and containing spores
• A reproductive structure that is adapted for
  dispersal

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Animalia

• Animals are Eukaryotic and usually multicellular.
• They are heterotrophic
• They are dependent on other organism for
  substance.

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Animalia

• They also lack a cell wall

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Plantae

• Plantae can be divided into two subcategories
• Green Algae
• Land Plants

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Green Algae

• Green algae can be divided into
• Chlorophyta
• Contain chlorophyll a and b
• Most organism with in this phylum live in aquatic
  environments
• Charophyta
• Closest relatives to the land plants
• Flagellate cells do not occur

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Land Plants

• Land plants are the most familiar group of plants
  they include trees, flowers, ferns, mosses and
  various other green land plants.
• The land plants are divided into two
  subcategories
• Non-vascular land plants (bryophytes)
• They lack vascular tissue that circulates liquids
• They also do not have flowers or produce seeds
• Vascular land plants (tracheopyhtes)
• They have lignified tissue to conduct water,
  nutrients and photosynthetic products through out
  the plant.

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Fungi

• Fungi consists of organisms that are
  heterotrophic and possess a chitinous cell wall.
• Chitin provides structure and strength in
  protecting the organism.

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Fungi

• Fungi along with bacteria are the primary
  decomposers of organic matter in most if not all
  terrestrial ecosystems.

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Work Cited

• Discovery Education Streaming
• http//streaming.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?
  locationaea
• Stern, Kingsley R. (2006), Intro to Plant Biology
  Edition Ten, New York, NY, McGraw-Hill Higher
  Education.
• Miller, Stephan A., Harley, John P. (2007),
  Zoology Seventh Edition, New York, NY,
  McGraw-Hill Higher Education.