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  Vocal AnatomyIf ones posture is upright, one
has no need to fear a crooked shadow.Chinese
Proverb
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How you stand so you will breathe and how you
breathe so will you stand
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Santiago Clalatravas Turning Torso Building in
Malmo Sweden. www.arcspace.com
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. Santiago Clalatravas use of the human form,
The Oriente Station Lisbon, Portugal, The TGV
Station at the Lyon-Satolas airport, France
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The Feet
Fig. 2. Diagram describing the triangle of weight
distribution of the foot.
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Triangles of the Body
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Triangles of the Spine
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The Spine
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Cervical

• The cervical spine is comprised of seven
  vertebrae.
• The first vertebra was named after the mythical
  character that supported the earth's weight on
  his shoulders.
• The atlas supports the globe of the skull.
• The second vertebra is referred to as the axis.
  The cervical vertebral bodies are smaller than
  those in the other spinal segments and increase
  in size downward..
• The cervical spine has a lordotic curve, a
  backward "C"-shape-just like the lumbar spine and
  much more mobile

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Atlas Axis

• differ from the other vertebrae because they are
  designed specifically for rotation. These two
  vertebrae are what allow your neck to rotate in
  so many directions, including looking to the
  side.
• The axis has a bony peg called the odontoid
  process, which sticks up through the hole in the
  atlas. It is this special arrangement that allows
  the head to turn from side to side as far as it
  can. Special ligaments between the atlas and the
  axis allow for a great deal of rotation.

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Thoracic

• Made up of the middle 12 vertebrae.
• Connect to your ribs and form part of the back
  wall of the thorax.
• Curve is kyphotic, a "C"-shaped curve with the
  opening of the "C" in the front. This part of the
  spine has very narrow, thin intervertebral discs.
• Rib connections and smaller discs in the thoracic
  spine limit the amount of spinal movement in the
  mid back

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Lumbar

• The five lumbar vertebrae are the largest movable
  segments of the human spine.
• Top ones serve as attachments for the diaphragm
• Lordotic curve, shaped like a backwards "C".
• The vertebrae in the lumbar spine area are the
  largest of the entire spine.
• The lumbar spinal canal is also larger than in
  the cervical or thoracic parts of the spine. The
  size of the lumbar spine allows for more space
  for nerves to move about.

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Sacrum Coccyx

• The sacrum consists of five fused vertebrae and
  is large and triangular in shape.
• connect the spine to the pelvis
• The sacrum is a group of specialized vertebrae
  that connects the spine to the pelvis. When one
  of the bones forms as a vertebra rather than part
  of the sacrum, it is called a transitional (or
  sixth) vertebra.
• The coccyx is below the sacrum and is made up of
  four vertebral rudiments.

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Intervertebral Disc

• Flat round cushions
• Act as shock absorbers

Facet Joints
Transverse Process
Spinous Process
Spinal Column
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Facet Joints

• Bony knobs that join vertebrae together
• Two facet joints between each pair
• Known as synovial joints to allow movement
  between bones

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Muscles of the Back and Spine
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Extensions of the Spine

• PELVIS
• THORAX
• HEAD

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Pelvis
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Thorax
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Head
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• The function of breathing determines the
  structure of posture at the very same time as the
  function of posture determines the structure of
  breathing.

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