Division Zygomycota

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Division Zygomycota
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Main characteristics
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Sexual reproduction Zygospore formation
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Sexual reproduction Hormonal control of
zygospore formation
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Azygospore, what is it?
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Asexual reproduction Sporangiospore
Sporangiospore ????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????? ??????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????
sporangium ?????????????????? nucleus ???
cytoplasm ????????? cell membrane ??? cell wall
??????? ??????????????????? sporangium
????????????? ???????????????? sporangiophore
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Asexual reproduction Sporangiola
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Asexual reproduction Merosporangia
Merosporangia sporangiola ???????????????????????
?? (cylindrical) ?????? spore ????????????????????
??
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Classification
D Zygomycota C Zygomycetes O
Mucorales O Entomophatorales O
Dimargaritales O Zoopagales O
Kickxellales O Glomales O Endogonales
C Trichomycetes O Harpellales O
Asellariales O Amoebidiales O
Eccrinales According to
Alexopolous et al., 1996
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Order Mucorales Mucor and Rhizopus
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Order Mucorales ??????????
?????????? 1. ????????????????????????????????????
??????? 2. ??????????????????????????????????? 3.
???????????????????????????? ? ??? 4.
??????????????????????????????????? ???
???????????? ????????? ??-?? ???? ????????????????
????????????? 5. ?????????????????????????????????
?? Actinomucor elegans ????????????????????????
?????? ?-? ??? ??????????????????????????????????
??????? 6. ??????????????????????????????????????
???????????? ???????????? ???????
?????????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ??? ???????
???????????????/???????????????
???????????????????????? ?????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????? ????????????????????
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Order Mucorales Cheese
1. The milk is usually pasteurised by heating at
72C for 15 seconds to destroy potentially
harmful bacteria. 2. The milk is then cooled to
around 30C. 3. A starter culture of lactic acid
bacteria is added to help souring. 4. A strater
culture of rennet producing microorganisms such
as Mucor miehei is added to help in the
coagulation process.
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Order Mucorales Pilobolus
Pilobolus crystallinus is coprophilous
(dung-inhabiting) with unbranched
sporangiophores are 2-4 cm tall, and have a
unique explosive dispersal mechanism.
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Zygomycosis Disease from Zygomycota
????????????????? ??????? division Zygomycota
???????????????????????? ???????
??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
?????????????????? Rhizopus, Mucor, Rhizomucor,
absidia, Basidiobolus ??? Conidiobolus
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Order Entomophthorales
As the name implies, these fungi are insect
pathogens Mycelium may become divided by septa
into uni- or multi-nucleate compartment Somatic
protoplasts are a common feature Asexual
reproduction by sporangiospore or
conidiospore Sexual reproduction by zygospore
formation but it is not well known
u
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Entomophthora muscae infects, and eventually
kills, houseflies. Dying flies, their bodies
riddled by the fungus, usually crawl into
exposed situations where the fungal infection
bursts through the insects' exoskeleton and
produces tightly-packed masses of
sporangiophores (left).
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Order Entomophthorales
Each sporangiophore bears one unicellular, sticky
mitosporangium that is shot away at maturity.
When the fly dies on a window, this barrage
produces a whitish halo of mitosporangia on the
glass. These sporangia can infect other
unsuspecting flies that come to pay their last
respects. As you may already have guessed,
species of Entomophthora are being investigated
for their potential in biological control of
insect pests.
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Order Glomales
Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) on
angiosperm, gymnosperm, pteridophyte, bryophyte
and algae Arbuscule or vesicle (if swelling) is a
haustorium-like structure that function as
energy stores Spores are usually produced in soil
or chlamydospores production Azygospore sometimes
present, but zygospore are not confirmed
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Vesicle of Glomales
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Class Trichomycetes
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Class Trichomycetes Somatic and reproductive
structure
Picture from Introductory Mycology (1996) Page
173 Fig. 6-1
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Class Trichomycetes Zygospore
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Class Trichomycetes Trichospore
Sporulating thallus and released trichospore
Drifting trichospore