The Crusades

1
The Crusades

• Unit 2, Chapter 6, Section 2
• Unit 2, Chapter 9, Section 4
• 4.1.2 and 4.3.5

2
The Cause

• Definition A series of conflicts between
  Christian armies and Muslim armies
• The holy land is occupied by Muslim forces
  (seljuk Turks)
• Byzantine (Christian) leader Alexius I asks all
  of Europe for help to reclaim the land
• Subsequent military engagements known as Crusades

3
How do we get Christians to believe in this?

• All who dieshall have immediate remission of
  sins.
• Pope Urban II
• It is the will of God, it is the will of God.

4
The First Crusade

• 1099 European Crusaders take Jerusalem
• Extremely bloody
• Set up smaller states around Jerusalem surrounded
  by Muslim territory

5
The Second Crusade

• Muslims retake one of the Crusader states
• Second Crusade formed but fails miserably
• 1187 Saladin takes back Jerusalem
• Basis of the film Kingdom of Heaven

6
Third Crusade

• 1189 Christians arrive, capture coastal cities
  but cannot retake Jerusalem
• Richard I (Richard the Lionhearted) negotiates to
  allow Christian Pilgrims access

7
Fourth Crusade

• Roughly 1200 Italian Crusaders look to
  recapture Jerusalem
• 1204 Crusaders attack
• Constantinople?
• Italy and Byzantium (Constantinople) were
  competitors in trade

8
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9
1212 The Childrens Crusade

• Went to Italy, Pope told them to go home
• Roughly the same time, 20,000 French kids
  promised by French ship leader to be taken to
  Holy Land
• Seven ships, two go down in a storm, the other
  five taken to North Africa
• The kids are then sold into slavery