The Crusades

1
The Crusades

• 1095-1272

2
Background

• 600s Muslims take control of Palestine
• Christians Jews allowed to practice own
  religion
• This changes during the Middle Ages

3
Causes

• Late 1000s Seljuk Turks take control of
  Palestine
• Muslims push West to Byzantine Empire
• Pope Urban II calls for Holy War (Crusades)
• 10,000 Europeans respond
• Save their souls
• Knights Gain land wealth
• Merchants Make money
• Love of adventure promise of reward

4
First Crusade

• 1096-1099
• Armies meet difficulties on march to Palestine
• Heat Wool Leather Garments
• Heavy Armor
• Lacked Food Water
• Captured Antioch Continue march to Jerusalem

5
First Crusade

• Crusaders capture Jerusalem
• Terrible massacre Muslim Jewish inhabitants
  slaughtered
• Results
• Holy Land under European control
• European culture introduced (Feudalism)
• Trade began between Europe Holy Land
• Christians Muslims respect each other

6
Other Major Crusades

• Europeans held land for 100 years
• Turks slowly take land back
• Europeans try to prevent this in 3 more Crusades

7
Second Crusade

• 1146 Turks begin taking back land
• 1147 Crusade begins
• Louie VII (France) Conrad III (Germany)
• Join forces at Damascus
• 1149 Fail, return to Europe disgraced

8
Third Crusade

• 1187 Saladin (Muslim) capture Jerusalem
• 3 Leaders of Crusade
• Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (Rome)
• King Phillip II (France)
• King Richard I (England)
• 1189-1192
• Barbarossa drowned
• Phillip Richard argue
• Richard reaches truce with Saladin

9
Fourth Crusade

• 1202 Pope Innocent III sends French Knights
• Crusaders attack multiple Christian cities
• Zadar Constantinople
• Attackers later excommunicated

10
Results

• Brought about Changes in Europe
• Weapons Warfare Crossbow, Undermine Walls,
  Catapults, Gunpowder
• Political Ended Feudalism
• Nobles Died or Sold land to finance Crusades
  Now powerless
• Kings power grew
• Christian Church more powerful

11
Results

• Ideas Trade
• Ideas fromOther Crusaders, Byzantines, Muslims
• These ideas spread through Europe
• Italian cities became trade centers
• Ships returned with many new foods

12
Lasting Effects

• Is there still conflict in the area?
• Who controls the Holy Land now?
• Have the groups involved learned to live
  peacefully?
• http//www.google.com/qisraelsafeactivetbmnw
  s

13
Essential Questions

• How did The Crusades contribute to the end of the
  Middle Ages?
• How would the world be different today if The
  Crusades never happened?