Visparejie tiesibu principi ES - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 24
About This Presentation
Title:

Visparejie tiesibu principi ES

Description:

priek roka interpretacijai, kura atbilst VTP (218/82 Komisija pret Padomi) ... radi ana pati par sevi nav tiesiskas palavibas parkapums (C-63/93 Duff) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:50
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 25
Provided by: eb80
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Visparejie tiesibu principi ES


1
  • Visparejie tiesibu principi ES

2
Parskats
  • VTP funkcijas
  • Vieta tiesibu avotu hierarhija
  • Proporcionalitates (sameriguma) princips
  • Tiesiska noteiktiba
  • Tiesiska palaviba
  • Vienlidzibas (ne-diskriminacijas) princips
  • Parskatamibas princips
  • Subsidiaritates princips
  • Pamattiesibas

3
VTP funkcijas
  • Interpretacijas lidzeklis
  • priekroka interpretacijai, kura atbilst VTP
    (218/82 Komisija pret Padomi)
  • interpretacija nevar but contra legem (C-37/89
    Weiser)
  • ari interpretejot nacionalo tiesibu normas EK
    tiesibu jomas
  • Tiesiskuma kontrole
  • VTP ka pamats EK tiesibu aktu apstrideanai
  • VTP parkapums ka pamats EK un dalibvalstu
    atbildibai

4
VTP avotu hierarhija
  • Primaras tiesibas (avotiem ir vienads speks)
  • Dibinaanas ligumi
  • VTP
  • Kopienas parau tiesibas
  • Kopienas starptautiskie ligumi
  • Sekundaras tiesibas
  • Regulas direktivas lemumi
  • VTP ir vienads speks ar dibinaanas ligumiem
  • VTP ir saistoi Kopienai sledzot starptautiskos
    ligumus
  • VTP prevale par sekundarajam tiesibam

5
Proporcionalitates princips, Kreil
  • EKT lieta C-285/98 Kreil
  • Grundgesetz Art.12
  • '(1) Men who have attained the age of eighteen
    years may be required to serve in the Armed
    Forces, in the Federal Border Guard, or in a
    Civil Defence organisation.
  • (4) If, while a state of defence exists, civilian
    service requirements in the civilian public
    health and medical system or in the stationary
    military hospital organisation cannot be met on a
    voluntary basis, women between eighteen and
    fifty-five years of age may be assigned to such
    services by or pursuant to a law. They may on no
    account render service involving the use of
    arms.
  • Soldatengesetz Art.3
  • Women may enlist only as volunteers and only in
    the medical and military-music services

6
Proporcionalitates princips, Kreil2
  • Direktiva 76/207/EEK par vienlidzigu attieksmi
    pret virieiem un sievietem attieciba uz darba,
    profesionalas izglitibas un izaugsmes iespejam un
    darba apstakliem
  • 2. pants
  • 1. ajos noteikumos vienlidzigas attieksmes
    princips nozime to, ka nav nekadas tieas vai
    netieas diskriminacijas atkariba no dzimuma, jo
    ipai, noradot uz gimenes stavokli.
  • 2. i direktiva neskar dalibvalstu tiesibas
    mineto principu nepiemerot tai profesionalajai
    darbibai un, vajadzibas gadijuma, ar to
    saistitajai sagatavoanai, kura sava rakstura vai
    izpildes del darba nemeja dzimums ir noteicoais
    faktors.

7
Proporcionalitates princips, Kreil3
  • 23. In determining the scope of any derogation
    from an individual right such as the equal
    treatment of men and women, the principle of
    proportionality, one of the general principles of
    Community law, must also be observed. That
    principle requires that derogations remain within
    the limits of what is appropriate and necessary
    in order to achieve the aim in view and requires
    the principle of equal treatment to be reconciled
    as far as possible with the requirements of
    public security which determine the context in
    which the activities in question are to be
    performed.
  • 24
  • 25. As the Court emphasised in paragraph 28 of
    its judgment in Sirdar, the question is therefore
    whether, in the circumstances of the present
    case, the measures taken by the national
    authorities, in the exercise of the discretion
    which they are recognised to enjoy, do in fact
    have the purpose of guaranteeing public security
    and whether they are appropriate and necessary to
    achieve that aim.
  • 26. As was explained in paragraphs 5, 6 and 7
    above, the refusal to engage the applicant in the
    main proceedings in the service of the Bundeswehr
    in which she wished to be employed was based on
    provisions of German law which bar women outright
    from military posts involving the use of arms and
    which allow women access only to the medical and
    military-music services.

8
Proporcionalitates princips, Kreil4
  • 27. In view of its scope, such an exclusion,
    which applies to almost all military posts in the
    Bundeswehr, cannot be regarded as a derogating
    measure justified by the specific nature of the
    posts in question or by the particular context in
    which the activities in question are carried out.
    However, the derogations provided for in Article
    2(2) of the Directive can apply only to specific
    activities (see, to this effect, Commission v
    France, cited above, paragraph 25).
  • 28. Moreover, having regard to the very nature of
    armed forces, the fact that persons serving in
    those forces may be called on to use arms cannot
    in itself justify the exclusion of women from
    access to military posts. As the German
    Government explained, in the services of the
    Bundeswehr that are accessible to women, basic
    training in the use of arms, to enable personnel
    in those services to defend themselves and to
    assist others, is provided.
  • 29. In those circumstances, even taking account
    of the discretion which they have as regards the
    possibility of maintaining the exclusion in
    question, the national authorities could not,
    without contravening the principle of
    proportionality, adopt the general position that
    the composition of all armed units in the
    Bundeswehr had to remain exclusively male.

9
Proporcionalitates princips, Kreil5
  • Kreil spriedums uzsver 3 kriterijus
  • Vai riciba ir piemerota merka sasnieganai?
  • Vai ta ir nepiecieama?
  • Vai ierobeojums ir samerigs ar merki (vai ir
    mazak ierobeojoas alternativas)?
  • merkis sabiedriska droiba, armijas efektivitate
  • riciba liegums sievietem dienet armija (iznemot
    saistiba ar medicinu/ muziku)

10
Proporcionalitates princips6
  • Proporcionalitates lietu kategorijas
  • Neproporcionals tiesibu ierobeojums
  • Neproporcionals sods
  • Neproporcionalas politikas izvele
  • Atkiribas testa piemeroanas intensitate
  • stingri personu brivibas
  • mazak stingri valsts droiba, ekonomikas
    politika, u.c., jomas kuras valstim ir lielaka
    izveles briviba

11
Tiesiska noteiktiba (legal certainty)
  • 325/85 Ireland v Commission
  • Tiesibu aktiem ir jabut skaidriem un noteiktiem,
    ka ari tadiem, lai tiesibu subjekti spetu
    paredzet, kada bus o tiesibu aktu piemeroana
  • GA Jacobs, C-377/98
  • GA Geelhoed, C-244/03
  • retroaktivitates aizliegums (98/78 Racke)
  • tiesibu akti nedrikst staties speka pirms
    publiceanas vai
  • attiekties uz pagatne noslegtiem notikumiem
  • retroaktivitate tikai iznemuma gadijumos (T-7/99
    Medici)
  • lauksaimniecibas politika, lai nodroinatu tirgus
    stabilitati
  • ja pienemts individam labveligaks regulejums
  • ja necie tiesiska palaviba

12
Tiesiska noteiktiba - GA Jacobs, C-377/98
  • Zinams visparigums un neprecizitate ir raksturiga
    direktivu pazime un ta nevar kalpot par pamatu
    direktivas speka neesamibai.
  • Direktivu butibai ir raksturigi, ka tas
    neregule izsmeloi jautajumus, uz kuriem tas
    attiecas. Lai gan is apstaklis nenozime, ka
    direktivu tekstiem ir jabut neskaidriem, tas
    tomer norada, ka noteiktas dalibvalstu izveles
    brivibas pastaveana nav pietiekams pamats, lai
    direktivas nebutu speka. Pat gadijuma, ja
    direktivas tekstu ir iespejams daadi interpretet
    ..., es neuzskatu, ka tas ir pietiekams pamats
    prasibai par speka neesamibu.
  • Tiesas prakse gadijumos, kad dalibvalsts,
    nepareizi ievieot neprecizu direktivas normu,
    tomer var piekirt normai saturu, kads tai
    sapratigi varetu but, Tiesa nav secinajusi, ka
    direktiva (vai tas norma) butu uzskatama par
    speka neesou tikai tapec, ka ta ir bijusi
    nepreciza un tadel daadi interpretejama.

13
Tiesiska noteiktiba - GA Geelhoed, C-244/03
  • Neprecizitate un nenoteiktiba direktivas teksta
    var kalpot par pamatu direktivas apstrideanai
    tikai tados iznemuma gadijumos, kad neprecizitate
    izpauas ka klaja pretruna starp direktivas
    normam, vai ari direktivas norma ir tik
    neskaidra, ka taja nav iespejams saskatit jebkadu
    logisku jegu

14
Tiesiska palaviba (legitimate expectations)
  • Tiesibas uz tiesisko palavibu pastav, ja
  • Ipai to apgalvojot,
  • Institucija ir radijusi pamatotas ceribas
    (T-72/99 Meyer)
  • Sakotneji attieciba uz administrativu lemumu
    atcelanu
  • Velak ari uz pazinojumiem

15
Tiesiska palaviba2
  • Persona nevar palauties, ka jebkura pastavoa
    situacija netiks grozita
  • C-152/88 Sofrimport
  • Nelabveligakas situacijas radiana pati par sevi
    nav tiesiskas palavibas parkapums (C-63/93 Duff)
  • Palavibai ir jabut tiesiskai (T-31/99 ABB)
  • Tiesa noraidis prasibu, ja grozijumi ieviesti,
    lai noverstu robu likumdoana, kuru prasitajs ir
    launpratigi izmantojis
  • Palavibai ir jabut sapratigai (265/85 Van den
    Bergh)
  • Prasitajs nevareja palauties, ka kaitigas vielas
    netiks aizliegtas (C-331/88 Fedesa)
  • Vai tiesiska palaviba darbojas ari attieciba uz
    prettiesiskiem aktiem?
  • Tikai, ja iestade nesapratigi ilgi kavejas ar
    prettiesiska akta atcelanu (15/85 dAbruzzo)

16
Vienlidzibas princips
  • EK Liguma 12.pants
  • Piemerojot o Ligumu un neskarot taja paredzetos
    ipaos noteikumus, ir aizliegta jebkada
    diskriminacija pilsonibas del.
  • EK liguma 13. pants
  • Neskarot parejos a Liguma noteikumus un
    neparsniedzot pilnvaras, ko Kopienai piekir is
    Ligums, Padome pec Komisijas prieklikuma,
    apspriedusies ar Eiropas Parlamentu, ar
    vienpratigu lemumu var paredzet attiecigus
    pasakumus, lai cinitos pret diskriminaciju
    dzimuma, rases vai etniskas izcelsmes, religijas
    vai parliecibas, invaliditates, vecuma vai
    dzimumorientacijas del.
  • EK liguma 90.pants
  • Dalibvalstis citu dalibvalstu raojumiem tiei
    vai netiei neuzliek iekejos nodoklus, kas
    lielaki par tiem, kas tiei vai netiei uzlikti
    lidzigiem vietejiem raojumiem.
  • EK liguma 141.pants
  • Visas dalibvalstis nodroina to, lai tiktu
    ieverots princips, ka viriei un sievietes par
    vienadu vai vienadi vertigu darbu sanem vienadu
    darba samaksu.
  • EK liguma 39.p., 43.p., 49.p., 50.p., 137.p.

17
Vienlidzibas princips2
  • Definicija
  • princips liedz atkirigi attiekties pret lidzigam
    situacijam, ja vien atkiriga attieksme nav
    objektivi pamatota (117/76 un 16/77 Ruckdeschel)
    un
  • vienadi attiekties pret daadam situacijam, ja
    vien ada attieksme nav objektivi pamatota
    (106/83 Sermide)
  • 2.pakapju tests
  • Vai situacijas ir salidzinamas?
  • Vai atkiriga attieksme ir pamatota?
  • Netiea diskriminacija (152/73 Sotgiu)
  • Diskriminacijas attaisnojumi
  • Tiea vai ar nodomu masketa
  • ierobeots attaisnojumu loks (valsts droiba,
    sabiedriska kartiba)
  • netiea vai bez nodoma
  • Neierobeots attaisnojumu loks

18
Parskatamibas princips (transparency)
  • Publiska / atklata lemumu pienemana
  • Informacijas sniegana
  • Piekluve dokumentiem
  • EK liguma 255.pants
  • 1. Jebkuram Savienibas pilsonim, ka ari jebkurai
    fiziskai personai, kas dzivo kada dalibvalsti,
    vai juridiskai personai, kam ir juridiska adrese
    kada dalibvalsti, ir tiesibas pieklut Eiropas
    Parlamenta, Padomes un Komisijas dokumentiem,
    ieverojot principus un nosacijumus, ko nosaka
    saskana ar 2. un 3. punktu.
  • 2. Padome saskana ar 251. panta mineto proceduru
    divos gados pec Amsterdamas Liguma staanas speka
    nosaka visparejus principus un ierobeojumus,
    pamatojoties uz sabiedriskam vai privatam
    interesem, kas reglamente minetas tiesibas
    pieklut dokumentiem.
  • 3. Katra iepriek mineta iestade sava reglamenta
    paredz ipaus noteikumus par piekluvi tas
    dokumentiem.

19
Parskatamibas princips2
  • EKT nav atzinusi parskatamibu par VTP (C-353/99
    Hautala)
  • Celot prasibu japamatojas uz noteiktu attiecigas
    institucijas reglamenta normu
  • EKT anule piekluvi liedzou lemumu, ja
  • parkapts attiecigas institucijas reglamenta
    prasibas
  • nepareizi piemeroti iznemumi
  • nepareizi piemerotas autortiesibas
  • atteikums dalejai piekluvei
  • atteikums nav pamatots (T-105/95 WWF C-353/99
    Hautala)
  • Regula 1049/2001 Instituciju reglamenti

20
Subsidiaritates princips
  • EK liguma 5.p
  • Kopiena darbojas saskana ar a Liguma
    piekirtajam pilnvaram un izvirzitajiem merkiem.
  • Jomas, kas nav ekskluziva Kopienas kompetence,
    ta rikojas saskana ar subsidiaritates principu un
    vienigi tad, ja dalibvalstis nespej pilniba
    sasniegt paredzetas darbibas merkus un ja
    paredzetas darbibas apjoma vai rezultatu del tos
    var vieglak sasniegt Kopiena.
  • Nozime vai Kopiena ir kompetenta rikoties?
  • Kopiena rikojas kompetences robeas
  • Tikai piekirtas kompetences
  • Netiei piekirtas kompetences (implied powers)
  • Kuras jomas ir Kopienas ekskluzivaja kompetence?
  • Komisija visas jomas, kuras Kopienai ir
    pienakums rikoties (precu/personu/pakalpojumu/kapi
    tala kustiba konkurence kopeja lauksaimniecibas
    politika
  • Jomas, kuras nav ekskluzivaja kompetence vide
    izglitiba sociala politika

21
Subsidiaritates princips2
  • Principa saturs
  • EK rikojas tikai, ja DV nespej pilniba sasniegt
    merki
  • EK merki sasniegs labak
  • EK veic tikai tas darbibas, kuras nepiecieamas
    merka sasnieganai
  • Amsterdamas liguma protokols par subsidiaritates
    un proporcionalitates principu piemeroanu
  • S pamatojums likumdoanas procesa gaita
  • EKT ir negribiga konstatet EK liguma 5.p.
    parkapumus
  • C-233/94 Germany v Parliament and Council
  • C-84/94 Working time

22
Pamattiesibas ka VTP
  • Pamattiesibu avoti
  • 1/58 Stork v. High Authority, 36-38/59 40/59
    Geitling v. High Authority
  • 26/69 Erich Stauder v. City of Ulm
  • 11/70 Internationale Handelsgesellschaft
  • Secinajumi
  • EK nevar pienemt t/a, kas ir pretruna ar CT
  • Tiei piemerojamas normas jainterprete, nemot
    vera CT

23
Pamattiesibas un ECTK
  • ECT konvencijas statuss un piemeroana ES
    Dalibvalstis
  • EKT Viedoklis 2/94 par EK pievienoanos ECT
    konvencijai
  • ECT konvencijas galvenas normas
  • Tiesibas uz dzivibu
  • Verdzibas aizliegums
  • Tiesibas uz brivibu un droibu
  • Tiesibas uz taisnigu tiesu un intereu aizstavibu
  • Nevainiguma prezumpcija
  • Privatas dzives un majas neaizskaramiba
  • Domas un pulceanas briviba
  • Diskriminacijas aizliegums

24
ES pamattiesibu harta
  • Merkis - pamattiesibu konsolidacija Eiropas
    Savieniba
  • Saturs apkopo citur ietvertas pamattiesibas,
    papildinot ar citam
  • Pienemta 2002.gada 7.decembri ka politiska
    deklaracija
  • ES institucijas atsaucas uz Hartu, pienemot ES
    sekundaros tiesibu aktus
  • PIT ir atsaukusies uz Hartu ka uz tiesibu avotu,
    izvertejot vai ES institucijas ir piemerojuas
    Harta noteiktos principus (T-54/99 Max.Mobil,
    T-177/01 Jégo-Quéré u.c. )
  • Reformu ligums (2009?) nesatur katalogu, bet
    tikai atsauci
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com