The Crusades

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The Crusades
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Start Notes

• What is a crusade?
• What crusades have you been on in your life or
  are you planning to go on or do?

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Background to the Crusades

• Three major religious groups all claimed
  Jerusalem in the land of Palestine as their holy
  city.
• To Christians, it was the place where Jesus was
  crucified and ascended to heaven
• To Muslims, it was the place where Muhammad
  ascended to heaven
• To Jews, it was the site of the ancient temple
  built by Solomon
• In 600 AD, Arabs entered the city and took
  control. But the Arabs allowed Christian and
  Jewish pilgrims to visit Jerusalem. In fact, Jews
  and Christians could live in Palestine as long as
  they paid their taxes like everyone else.  

Video
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Video Review The Pope Calls For a Crusade, 1095

• Pope Urban II, of W. Europe calls upon knights,
  peasants, and others to sacrifice their lives and
  go to the Holy Land?
• For knights it was a worthy cause to test their
  abilities.
• For peasants, it was a ticket into heaven and
  escape from their dreary lives.
• For others, it was a chance for adventure and
  wealth.

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The Siege of Jerusalem The End of the First
Crusade

• Take notes!
• Review
• The Muslims occupied the city of Jerusalem.
• In the northern part of Jerusalem, it is flat and
  provide the Crusaders with the best possible
  avenue of attack.
• The Crusaders slaughtered between 10 to 20
  thousand Muslims, including women and children
  and burned a Jewish r synagogue, killing
  religious leaders.

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• More Crusades It was a short victory. Less than
  50 years later, Muslims once again conquered
  Jerusalem. Again the pope called for a crusade to
  take back the city.
• The Second Crusade lasted from 1147-1149. It was
  not successful.
• The Third Crusade lasted from 1189-1192. It was
  not successful.
• The Fourth Crusade lasted from 1202-1204.
• Crusaders attacked Constantinople
• They pillaged and plundered museums and
  churches. This only led to more animosity
  towards Christians.
•  
• The Children's Crusade in 1212 was a terrible
  tragedy. Many thousands of French and German
  children died trying to reach Jerusalem. They
  believed God would help them because they were
  children. Many died of hunger. Other froze to
  death. When the survivors reached the
  Mediterranean Sea, they expected the waters to
  part and let them pass. When this did not happen,
  those who were left returned dismally home.
•  
• By 1291, 200 years after the first crusade,
  European leaders lost interest. Western Europe
  never admitted defeat. They simply  stopped
  asking for new crusaders.  

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The End of the Crusades

• Saladin, the famous Muslim ruler, leads a Muslim
  force that recaptures Jerusalem
• Christians are left in only a strip of land along
  the coast, which they eventually lose too
• Byzantine Empire was taken over by Muslim Turks

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The Crusades Summary

• A series of Holy Wars to capture the Holy Land
  (Palestine) from the Muslims
• Christians lost
• Europeans encountered a number of Asian goods
  (spices, silk)
• The demand for Asian goods increased
• tremendously
• The only known way to get to Asia was through
• Muslim territory.
• Europeans began to seek water routes to Asia.

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The Age of Exploration
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Why is it a great time to explore the world?

• The Printing Press made it easier for
• people to share ideas
• Navigation Instruments people would not
• get lost when they were away at sea
• Wanted goods that they discovered during
• the Crusades (Silks, spices)

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Why Explore?

• Christianity wanted to spread Christianity to
  the Asian cultures
• Wealth Wanted to make money buy selling Asian
  products
• Fame wanted to become famous
• National Pride competition with other countries
  to be the first to reach Asia by water
• Curiosity Curious about unknown territories
• Foreign goods wanted jewels, spices and fabrics
• Faster Faster to go by water than by camel

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In the Beginning
Two famous Portuguese explorers Bartholomew
Dias-first to sail to tip of Africa Cape of Good
Hope) turned around when his crew threatened to
kill him Vasco de Gama - First to sail around
Africa and reach India Portugal discovered two
things about going around Africa to Asia 1)
wasn't shorter 2) wasn't cheaper In other words
all of this did not help them get goods cheaper
and bypass the Muslims!
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A Sailors Life

• Life aboard the ship was tough.
• Many captains relied on cruel punishments and the
  threat of torture in order to keep order on the
  ships.
• Let us read!

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The Inquisition

• The inquisition was a court system set up by the
  Roman Catholic Church to try people for heresy.
• Before the 12th century, the Western Christian
  Church already suppressed what it saw as heresy,
  usually through a system of imprisonment, but
  rarely resorting to torture or executions,
  although some countries punished heresy with the
  death penalty.
• During the 14th century, the punishments turned
  into torture.

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Mercantilism

• As Spain and Portugal compete in the new world
  economy, a new economic system
• called mercantilism.
• The main goal is to increase the gold/money that
  a country has by creating a favorable balance of
  trade.
• Favorable balance of trade Where you as a
  country export (sell) more than you import (buy).
  This eventually leads to the practice of
  slavery.

16
The Discovery of America Leads to Slavery