Jeffersonian America (1800-1816)

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Jeffersonian America (1800-1816)

• Chapter 9

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Revolution of 1800Election of Thomas Jefferson

1. Disagreements about war with France
2. Alien Sedition Acts
3. Increasing debts
4. Federalists were swept from the presidency
   Congress.
5. Jefferson became 3rd presidency
6. Non-violent transfer of power from the
   Federalists to Democratic-Republicans

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I. Louisiana Purchase

1. Contradicted his strict constructionist views.
2. 1802-Spanish revoked the right of deposit in New
   Orleans
3. Jefferson negotiates w/Napoleon
4. French offer Louisiana Territory 15 million.

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Louisiana Purchase (contd)
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Louisiana Purchase (contd)

1. Jefferson What aboutstrict constructionism?
2. If we didnt buy it another country would!
3. Republican-held Congress quickly approved the
   purchase.

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II. Lewis Clark Expedition

1. Purchase doubles the U.S.
2. FR SP removed as threats.
3. All water route connecting the Missouri River
   with the Pacific Ocean?
4. Meriwether Lewis William Clark
5. 1804 St. Louis to the Pacific Ocean
6. 1806 They return w/ detailed accounts

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III. The Marshall Court

1. Judiciary Act of 1801- 16 new judgeships were
   created
2. Midnight judges
3. Jefferson was angry
4. Orders Madison, Secretary of State, not to
   deliver the commissions
5. Midnight Judge William Marbury sued.

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Marbury vs. Madison

1. Chief Justice John Marshall, Jeffersons cousin!
2. Marshall says Madison should have gave the
   commission to Marbury.
3. Marshall declared the Judiciary Act of
   1789unconstitutional.

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The Marshall Court (contd)

1. Creates judicial reviewit could check the powers
   of the leg. and ex. branches.
2. Jefferson wants to remove all remaining
   Federalists from the judicial branch
3. Impeaches some judges, but unsuccessful at
   removing them

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IV. Jeffersons Challenges

1. TJ re-elected 1804
2. 1804?12th Amendment Electoral College will
   specify which vote was being cast for Pres.
   which was for VP.
3. Aaron Burr
4. Essex Junto Radical Federalists wanted for a
   New England secession from the Union.

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Jeffersons Challenges (contd)

• Burr vs. Hamilton duel
• Burr mortally wounds Hamilton
• Murder charges dropped
• 1806 Burr Conspiracy
• Create a new country--gtget Mex. from Spain, unite
  it with Louisiana Territory.
• Burr aquitted

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V. Troubles Abroad

1. Barbary Pirates continued to seize U.S. ships
2. Pres. Wash. Adams had paid a fee
3. Leader of Tripoli demanded more
4. Jefferson refused to pay any fees
5. Tripolitan Wars (1801-1805)
6. U.S. Navy slowed the pirates down
7. Gained U.S. credibility overseas

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Napoleonic War

• 6. British French blocked each others ports
• Orders of Council Closed all ports under French
  control any U.S. ship had to go through Britain,
  or be confiscated
• 1807 Milan Decree Seize any ship that 1st
  stopped in Britain

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Chesapeake Affair

• 9. 1807 British ship Leopard sank U.S. ship
  Chesapeake killing 4 impressing 4
• Jefferson used diplomacy
• Embargo Act 1807
• Prohibit U.S ships from anchoring at any foreign
  port
• Plan to ruin Britain and Frances economy?but
  ended up ruing the U.S.!!
• Repealed the Embargo Act 1809

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VI. Madison Plagued by European Affairs

1. 1808Madison becomes President
2. Non-Intercourse Act of 1809
3. Expired 1 yr. from its enactment
4. Allowed U.S. trade with foreign nations except
   Britain and France
5. 1810 Macons Bill Number 2
6. Lift trade restrictions w/ Britain France
7. Only if they recognize U.S. neutrality!

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• 8. Britain France continued impressment
  seizure of U.S. ships--?pushing the U.S. to the
  brink of war

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VII. Mr. Madisons WarThe War of 1812

• Nationalism heightened
• War Hawks like Henry Clay John C. Calhoun
• Eliminate British troubles at sea
• Eliminate the threat of British armed Indians

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Mr. Madisons WarThe War of 1812 (contd)

1. Battle of Tippecanoe
2. Prior to War of 1812, Gen. William Henry
   Harrison wanted to break up the Shawnee
   brothers
3. Tecumseh and the Prophet
4. Defeated The Indians moved to conquer Canada

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Mr. Madisons WarThe War of 1812 (contd)

• June 1812, Congress declared war
• Britain repealed the orders in council
• Few Americans congressmen in favor of Mr.
  Madisons War
• Second war of Independence

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Mr. Madisons WarThe War of 1812 (contd)

• 13. Small, disappointing war for the U.S.
• Unprepared
• Economy devastated
• Poorly equipped
• Under trained
• Small standing army
• Mosquito Fleetsmall U.S. navy
• U.S. invasion of Canada a debacle

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Mr. Madisons WarThe War of 1812 (contd)

1. August 14, Washington D.C. burned to the ground!
2. Francis Scott Key-Star Spangled Banner
3. Gen. Andrew Jacksonled southern troops
4. Battle of New Orleansimpressive victory for the
   U.S
5. The war was already over!!

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VIII. Treaty of Ghent

1. Dec. 24, 1814
2. Ended fighting
3. Return of any conquered territories to their
   rightful owner
4. Settlement of a boundary between the U.S.
   Canada that had been set before the war

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1. Ended in a draw?nobody gained
2. Allowed for manufacturing
3. U.S. became more independent from Europe
4. Start of a U.S. industrial revolution

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IX. Ideology Divides the U.S.

1. Federalists vs. Republicans
2. New England vs. rest of the nation
3. Hartford Convention
4. Discuss
5. Fed. Gov. to pay for the loss of trade
6. Amending the Const. for a one-term limit for the
   pres.

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• 2/3 vote for an embargo declaration of war
  admission of new states end of the 3/5
  compromise
• Aimed at Republicans
• Jacksons victory the signing of the Treaty of
  Ghent drowned them out
• Federalists were labeled unpatriotic
• Nail in the coffin for the Federalist party
• Routed by Rep. James Monroe in the 1816
  Presidential election.

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